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The Colonial Era Unit Review

This review covers key events from the Colonial Era including the Catholic Irish Uprising against Queen Elizabeth, the establishment of the Virginia Company, and the trials faced by the Jamestown settlement. It delves into the conflicts with Native Americans, the emergence of early government forms like the House of Burgesses, and the religious dynamics of the time, highlighting figures like John Smith and Roger Williams. The review highlights socio-political developments, including the introduction of slavery codes and the founding of colonies like Maryland and Georgia, alongside the struggles between different religious sects.

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The Colonial Era Unit Review

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  1. The Colonial Era Unit Review Chapters 2-7

  2. Chapter 2

  3. Catholic Irish Uprising • Ireland wanted to get rid off the Queen • Assisted by Spaniards • English defeated them and committed many atrocities to the Irish people • England planted protestant landlords in Ireland

  4. Francis Drake v. Sir Walter Raleigh

  5. Primogeniture • Only eldest sons could inherit estates • Forced younger sons to go to the new world

  6. Joint-Stock Company • Provided financial means for colonization • Ex: Virginia Company-received charter from King James I, first settlement in the new world • Savior of the Virginia company

  7. Jamestown • 1st colony in the New World • Plagued settlement w/ disease, malnutrition, starvation • Saved by John Smith • Located on Chesapeake Bay- poor decision • The Starving Time- winter, only 60/400 survived

  8. Anglo-PowhatanWars • First war between English and Powhatan tribes • Sparked by Lord De La Warr’s “Irish tactics” • peace treaty= marriage of John Rolfe to Pocahontas

  9. House of Burgesses • First form of government • Established in Virginia • Worried King Charles • Had to much power and was forced to be abandoned

  10. Lord Baltimore • Rich catholic lord from England • Established Maryland • Promised to persecuted English Catholics

  11. Act of Toleration (1649) • Passed by local representative assembly • Death penalty for atheists and Jews • Less toleration actually • Protected Catholics

  12. Sugar • Wealthy man’s crop • Growing takes lots of time and effort • Grown in the Indies • Capital intensive business • Dominated trade to much

  13. African Diaspora and Barbados Slave Code • Vast scattering of African peoples throughout the world • “codes” denied slaves fundamental rights, gave masters complete control

  14. Restoration Period • Empire building resumed but even greater than before • Under Oliver Cromwell rule • Lord Proprietors created to gain control over an expanse of wilderness to the Pacific

  15. The Carolinas • Main crop rice • Strong economic ties to the Indies • Where Virginian outcasts went • Big plantations, lots of slaves, people resisted authority, produced lots of capitol • North separated from South in 1712 as a result of friction between governors- both royal colonies

  16. Georgia • Founded with the purpose to be a buffer between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas • Often served as a battle arena • James Oglethorpe- ablest founder, interested in prison reform, military leader, imperialist/philanthropist, gained a great personal fortune

  17. Church of England • Tax supported church • Dominant faith in North Carolina though weakest of all in that state

  18. Handsome Lake • Iroquois prophet • Visions of the future • Made Indians stop drinking

  19. “soil butchery” • Excessive tobacco growing • Drove settlers westward • Began confrontation with Native Americans

  20. Chapter 3

  21. Calvinism • Whether you go to heaven or hell is already predetermined “predestination” • Nobody could be certain of their status • Worked hard to show they were part of the “elect”

  22. Separatists • Came from Holland • Wanted to practice their religion freely • Negotiated with Virginia company • Came to America on the Mayflower

  23. Mayflower Compact • Simple agreement NOT a constitution • Agreed upon a crude form of government • Written by Separatists • Signed by 41 males • Began to form their own law in open-discussions at town meetings

  24. Mass. Bay Colony and John Winthrop • Plymouth's neighbor, who absorbed it • Group of Non-separatists • Had secured a royal charter • Lead by Winthrop- first governor of the colony, believed he had a “calling” from God, helped colony become biggest in New England, and came up with “city upon a hill”

  25. Congregational Church • Franchise extended to all “freeman” • Adult males belonged to Puritan congregations • Men not in church could not vote • 2/5 majority voted

  26. Protestant Ethic • Commitment to work and worldly pursuits • Ate a lot, drank, song, and made love • Tried passing laws that would keep those pleasures

  27. Anne Hutchinson • Challenged Puritan orthodoxy • Began Antinomianism • A holy life was no sign of salvation • Brought to trial- and exiled • Killed by Indians in New York

  28. Roger Williams • Threat to Puritan leaders • Popular Salem minister • Extreme Separatist- encouraged people to leave the Church of England • Challenged Bay colony’s charter • Angry that settlers took Indian’s land • Started the first Baptist church in Rhode Island- no taxes or mandatory attendence

  29. Fundamental Orders • New Connecticut River Colony’s • Trailblazing document • Similar to constitution • Colony was in the hands of “substantial citizens” • Documents later borrowed by the state’s constitution

  30. King Phillip’s War • Massoit’s son forged alliance with other tribes to destroy New England villages • Refugees fled to Boston • Puritans were attacked 12 villages were destroyed • Hundreds of colonists died and even more Indians

  31. New England Confederation • Primary purpose- against potential foes: Indians, French, and Dutch • Exclusive Puritan club • Plymouth, Mass. Bay, New Haven, Connecticut Valley. • Hated Maine and Rhode Island

  32. Dominion of New England • Created by royal authority • Included New York, East and West Jersey • Designed to promote English Navigation Laws • Reflected intense colonial rivalries

  33. Navigation Laws • Americas couldn’t trade with other colonies that were not under the control of England

  34. Glorious Revolution • King James II, Catholic was dethroned • Enthroned Protestant rulers William III and English wife, Mary, James’ daughter

  35. Dutch West India Company • Virtually a state within a state • Supported by a large army • Dutch Republic became leading colonial power • Greatest activity in the East Indies

  36. Pequot War • Between English and Pequot Indian tribe • Lowed western settlement • Hurt the Indian population

  37. New Sweden • Trespassed on Dutch preserves • Colony on the Delaware River • Dutch fought them with small military • Bloodless siege ending in Swedes rule

  38. Peter Stuyvesant • Director Dutch military • Led small Swede expedition • Swedish rule came to end after siege • Colonists absorbed New Netherland

  39. Quakers • Came from England • Refused to pay for the Church of England • Deeply convicted • Moved to Pennsylvania • William Penn formed “Penn’s Woodland”- modest, first advertising man, liberal policy

  40. Middle Colonies • New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania • Fertile land • Rivers • Trade • Ethically diverse • Religious toleration and democratic control

  41. Chapter 4

  42. Headright System • Virginia + Maryland employment • Encourage imports of servant workers • Passage to the new world would be paid by labor and the gaining of 50 acres of land • Masters-not servants reaped land ownership

  43. Bacon’s Rebellion • Leader Nathaniel Bacon- Virginian farmer • Resented Gov Berkley’s relations with Indians • Rebellion was suppressed • Lordly planters looked for less troublesome laborers

  44. Royal African Co. • Lost monopoly on carrying slaves to colonies • Rhode Island cashed in on lucrative slave trade • Supply of slaves rose quickly • “middle passage”- transatlantic sea voyage, death rights high, horrid conditions

  45. slave codes • Established differences between slave and owner in Virginia • Blacks and their kids became property • South Carolina blacks in Stono River revolted and tried to march to Spanish Florida but stopped by militia • Slaves in the South were more obidient

  46. FFV/ merchant planters • “first families of Virginia” • Before Rev War 70% of the leaders of the Virginia legislature • Not like English but they were hard workers, labored over the plantation

  47. “Black Christianity” • Prior to the slave codes • If blacks converted to Christianity they could be free • After slave codes this was ended

  48. New England vs. Southern Women

  49. jeremiad • Mid seventeenth century Puritan pupils new form of sermon • doom-saving Old Testament profit Jeremiah • Decline in conversions

  50. Half-Way Covenant • Troubled ministers • New arrangement that allowed members of church to be baptized but not “full communion” • Partial membership rights allowed • Once Puritan only club • Puritan churches became open to all

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