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Between World Wars

Between World Wars. World History: 1750-Present. India Seeks Independence. Between World Wars. India Seeks Independence. Amristar Massacre: British General Reginald Dyer Banned public meetings 50 soldiers fired on unarmed protestors 400 killed 1,100 wounded. India Seeks Independence.

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Between World Wars

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  1. Between World Wars World History: 1750-Present

  2. India Seeks Independence Between World Wars

  3. India Seeks Independence • Amristar Massacre: • British General Reginald Dyer • Banned public meetings • 50 soldiers fired on unarmed protestors • 400 killed • 1,100 wounded

  4. India Seeks Independence • Mohandas Gandhi • Studied law in Britain and practiced in South Africa for 20 years • 1914: returned to India • Believed in non-violent resistance • Wanted equality for all Indians

  5. India Seeks Independence • Mohandas Gandhi • Called for boycott of British goods • March 12, 1930: Salt March • 78 followers • 240-mile march to sea • Thousands joined • Gandhi and thousands other arrested

  6. India Seeks Indpendence • 1939: World War II began • Indians forced to serve in British military • Indian independence delayed

  7. Roaring Twenties Between World Wars

  8. Roaring Twenties • Jazz Age • Radio • Automobile • Henry Ford, assembly line • Motels

  9. Roaring Twenties • Women • Inventions Helped • Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, canned foods • Flappers • Young, rebellious

  10. Roaring Twenties • Prohibition (18th Amendment) 1919 • No alcohol • Increased crime • Speakeasies, illegal bars • Repealed by 21st Amendment in 1933

  11. Roaring Twenties • Harlem Renaissance • Inspired by negritude movement in French Caribbean colonies • Expressed pride in culture • Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston

  12. Roaring Twenties • Lost Generation • WWI symbolized breakdown of Western civilization • Erich Remarque, All Quite on the Western Front • T.S. Eliot, The Wasted Land • F. Scoot Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby

  13. Roaring Twenties • Science • Marie Curie: radioactivity • Albert Einstein: Theory of Relativity • 1934: Enrico Fermi discovered atomic fission: splitting an atom into two (produced huge burst of energy) • Sigmund Freud: psychoanalysis: subconscious mind drives much of human behavior

  14. 1st Red Scare Between World Wars

  15. Red Scare • 1st Red Scare • great fear of communists throughout America • Limited immigration

  16. The Great Depression Between World Wars

  17. Great Depression • 1929: U.S. Stock Market Crash • High-risk investing • Overproduction • Led to world-wide Great Depression

  18. Great Depression • U.S. Election of 1932 • FDR won • New Deal • Massive gov’t involvement

  19. Italy Between World Wars

  20. Italy • WWI promises of Britain and France were broken • Italy in great turmoil

  21. Italy • Benito Mussolini • Organized Fascist Party • Spoke of reviving Roman greatness • Used Black Shirts to gain power

  22. Italy • Mussolini’s March on Rome (1922) • “If they don’t give us the gov’t, we will take it!” • Tens of thousands marched • King Victor Emmanuel III made Mussolini Prime Minister

  23. Italy • Mussolini’s rule: • took new title: Il Duce (The Leader) • Repressive regime • Supported by Pope Pius XI in return for recognizing Vatican City as an independent city

  24. Italy • Mussolini’s rule: • Economy and infrastructure improved • Workers suffered • Loyalty to nation more important than individual desires

  25. Germany Between World Wars

  26. Germany • Post WWI: • Terrible conditions • High inflation • Weimar Republic very weak

  27. Germany • Adolf Hitler formed the Nazi Party • 1923: Beer-Hall Putsch • Failed coup staged by Adolf Hitler • While in jail, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • Released after 9 months

  28. Germany • Great Depression: • Communist and Nazi Parties gained numerous seats in Reichstag • Most politicians feared communists and turned to Hitler • Hitler appointed chancellor in 1933 • Within the year, Hitler declared himself Fuhrer

  29. Germany • Hitler’s Rule • Unemployment almost zero • Major advancements in industry and infrastructure • End of reparations • Illegal build-up of military • Expansion of territory

  30. Germany • Hitler’s rule (cont’d): • Repressive regime • First used Brown Shirts to maintain power, then Gestapo • Bible and other books destroyed

  31. Germany • Hitler Youth • Indoctrination of German youth • School books rewritten to promote Nazi agendas • Military-style training

  32. Germany • 1935: Nuremberg Laws • Jews stripped of German citizenship • Jews prohibited from marrying non-Jews, attending or teaching at German schools, holding gov’t jobs, practicing law or medicine, and publishing books • Many Jews, including Albert Einstein, fled the country

  33. Germany • Nov. 1938, Kristallnacht: • “Night of Broken Glass” • Nazi mobs attacked Jewish communities

  34. Mexico Between World Wars

  35. Mexico • Constitution of 1917 • Called for future nationalization of industry • Church land made “property of nation” • Minimum wage • Right to strike • Universal male suffrage

  36. Mexico • 1920: President Venustiano Carranza overthrown • Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) established • Used bribery, fear, and rigged elections to control Mexico until free elections in 2000

  37. Mexico • 1930s: • President Cardenas • Redistribution of land • Millions of acres given to peasants • Nationalization of oil resources

  38. Mexico • Cultural Nationalism • Rejected Western art forms • Revival of mural painting • Showed struggle for independence

  39. Mexico • U.S. Intervention • 1914: U.S. attacked Veracruz after Mexican police imprisoned several American sailors • 1916: U.S. invaded Mexico to capture Pancho Villa • Villa had killed dozens of Americans • U.S. troops recalled during WWI

  40. Mexico • 1930s: • Good Neighbor Policy • U.S. pledged to lesson its interference in Latin America • Withdrew troops from Haiti and Nicaragua • Supported nationalization of Mexican oil companies

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