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This document explores a range of critical enzymatic pathways involved in plant metabolism. Key enzyme classes such as phenylalanine lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), and others are discussed in relation to their functions in the synthesis of flavonoids and other secondary metabolites. The roles of laccases, peroxidases, and various oxidoreductases in plant defense and development are highlighted. Understanding these pathways is essential for advancing agricultural practices and improving crop resilience through metabolic engineering.
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4CL PAL P P C4H C3H P L CCR CCoAOMT L L POX CHS F L Lacc F3H L F 5 47 87 DFR F LDOX F 5 40 47 87 30