Lifeguarding

1. Lifeguarding

2. Welcome! • Introductions • Policies and Procedures • Course Outline • Lifeguarding • Standard Precautions

3. Purpose • To teach lifeguard candidates the knowledge and skills needed to prevent and respond to aquatic emergencies. • The course content and activities prepare lifeguard candidates to prevent drownings and injuries and to recognize and respond quickly and effectively to emergencies.

4. The Professional Lifeguard and Injury Prevention Lesson 1

5. Lifeguarding • Lifeguarding is— • Dynamic! • Challenging! • Important! • Inspiring!

6. What were the different places shown in the video segment where you might lifeguard?

7. What types of decisions might a lifeguard need to make?

8. How did you decide to take this class? Did you flip a coin?

9. The FIND Model F = Figure out the problem I = Identify possible solutions N = Name the pros and cons of each solution D = Decide which solution is best

10. Duty to act Standard of care Negligence Good Samaritan laws Consent Refusal of care Abandonment Confidentiality Documentation Legal Considerations

11. The Lifeguard Team • Whenever another lifeguard is on duty with you, you are part of a lifeguard team. • The aquatic safety team is a network of people who prevent, prepare for, respond to and assist in an emergency at an aquatic facility.

12. Facility Management and Professionalism • How does management support lifeguard professionalism? • By providing a policies and procedures manual • By conducting an orientation and regular in-service trainings • By providing opportunities for recognition and career development

13. Preventing Injuries—Patron Safety • Risk management involves identifying dangerous conditions or behaviors that can cause injuries and then taking steps to minimize or eliminate them. • Injury-prevention strategies • Communication with patrons • Facility safety checks • Patron surveillance

14. Communication • Communication as an injury-prevention strategy requires lifeguards to— • Inform patrons about the potential for injury. • Educate patrons about inappropriate behavior. • Enforce rules and regulations.

15. How are patrons informed of a potential injury at an aquatic facility?

16. Rules and Regulations • Lifeguards need to understand the rules and regulations of the facility where they work. • Rules do not keep patrons from having fun, but are for everyone’s health and safety.

17. Preventing a Patron from Engaging in Risky Behavior • Get the patron’s attention, for example, by blowing your whistle, and then saying, “Excuse me, but what you are doing is dangerous.” • Explain the hazard or danger. • Explain a safe alternative behavior or activity.

18. Enforcing Rules and Regulations • Enforcing rules helps prevent injuries and encourages safe patron behavior. • When enforcing rules, always be consistent and fair. • When enforcing rules, explaining the rule is usually enough. • Asking a patron to leave the facility should always be the last resort.

19. Safety Checks • Safety checks are conducted— • Before opening the facility. • During daily operations. • At closing. • Use the facility’s safety checklist when performing a safety check. • What are the general areas and equipment to inspect during a safety check?

20. Weather Conditions • Lightning and thunderstorms happen more often in the summertime. • Follow your facility’s emergency action plan (EAP) for severe weather.

21. Management is responsible for— • Creating, reviewing and revising a facility’s policies and procedures, rules and regulations and EAPs as needed. • Warning staff about actual and potential dangers. • Addressing unsafe or dangerous conditions. • Complying with local, state and federal regulations for facility operations and employment. • Maintaining records on the facility and its employees. • Assisting after an emergency.

22. What’s Next? • Break • In-Water Skill Session • Slide-In Entry • Stride Jump • Compact Jump • Front Crawl Approach • Breaststroke Approach • Assignments

23. Patron Surveillance and Emergency Preparation Lesson 2

24. Patron Surveillance • A lifeguard’s primary responsibility is to ensure patron safety and protect lives. • The primary tool to accomplish that function is patron surveillance. • Effective surveillance has several elements, including— • Victim recognition. • Effective scanning. • Lifeguard stations. • Area of responsibility.

25. Effective Scanning • Scanning is a visual technique for watching patrons in the water. • What does effective scanning require?

26. Lifeguard Stations • Patron surveillance is performed in a lifeguard chair or by standing on the deck or in the water. • The location of your lifeguard station must enable you to see your entire area of responsibility. • You might have to move your lifeguard stand or change your position during the day.

27. How do periodic rotations from one station to another, along with breaks, help keep you alert and decrease fatigue?

28. Area of Responsibility • Your supervisor will establish the area of responsibility for patron surveillance. • Areas of responsibility can include— • Zone coverage. • Total coverage. • Back-up coverage.

29. The RID Factor • Most drownings at supervised swim areas happen when neither lifeguards nor patrons notice that a victim has slipped below the surface. • RID • Recognition • Intrusion • Distraction

30. Patron Surveillance at Play Structures • Consider the following elements when conducting patron surveillance at play structures: • Pay close attention to nonswimmers or weak swimmers. • Do not let a play structure become overcrowded. • Watch that patrons return to the surface after dropping into the water from a drop-off slide. • Pay close attention to children playing in sprays and fountains. • Pay close attention to patrons in moving water. • Keep play safe and orderly.

31. Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) • EAPs are detailed plans describing everyone’s responsibilities in an emergency and should be in the facility’s policies and procedures manual. • EAPs should be practiced regularly during orientation and in-service training sessions.

32. What are the steps of an EAP?

33. What’s Next? • Break • In-Water Activity • Safety Tour of the Facility • Lifeguard Rotation • Victim Recognition • Putting It All Together • Assignments

34. Rescue Skills, Part 1 Lesson 3

35. General Procedures for Water Emergencies • Assess the victim’s condition. • Safely enter the water, if needed. • Perform an appropriate rescue. • Move the victim to safety. • Remove the victim from the water. • Provide emergency care as needed.

36. What’s Next • Break • In-Water Skill Session • Simple Assist • Extension Assist from the Deck • Reaching Assist with Equipment • Throwing Assist • Swimming Extension Rescue • Active Drowning Victim Rear Rescue • Passive Drowning Victim Rear Rescue • Two-Person Removal from the Water Using a Backboard • Assignments

37. Before Providing Care and Rescue Skills, Part 2 Lesson 4

38. As a professional rescuer, what responsibilities do you have related to providing care?

39. What standard precautions should you follow to prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens while providing care?

40. Standard Precautions • What are universal precautions? • What are standard precautions? • The risk of getting a disease while performing CPR is extremely low, but practicing standard precautions reduces the risk even further.

41. Resuscitation Masks • What is a resuscitation mask? • Benefits of using a resuscitation mask: • A seal is created over both the victim’s mouth and nose. • Air can be delivered to the victim more quickly through both the mouth and nose. • The device can be connected to emergency oxygen if it has an oxygen inlet, thus increasing the oxygen concentration the victim receives. • It protects against disease transmission when giving rescue breaths. • Characteristics of a resuscitation mask

42. General Procedures in an Emergency • What general procedures should you follow in an emergency? • The general procedures are— • Size up the scene. • Perform an initial assessment. • Summon EMS personnel, by calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. • Perform a secondary assessment.

43. Initial Assessment • Purpose: To identify life-threatening conditions. • Includes checking the victim for― • Consciousness. • Signs of life (movement and breathing). • A pulse. • Severe bleeding.

44. Moving a Victim • It is important not to move a victim unless it is necessary. • When should you move a victim? • What are some considerations when moving a victim?

45. Moving a Victim (cont.) • There are six ways to move a victim: • Clothes drag • Two-person seat carry • Walking assist • Pack-strap carry • Blanket drag • Foot drag

46. What’s Next? • Break • In-Water Skill Session • Passive Submerged Victim Rescue—Shallow Water • Multiple-Victim Rescue • Feet-First Surface Dive • Submerged Victim Rescue—Deep Water • Front and Rear Head-Hold Escapes

47. Assignments

48. Breathing and Cardiac Emergencies Lesson 5

49. What is a breathing emergency? Some reasons they occur: Breathing Emergencies • Drowning • Nonfatal submersion injuries • Obstructed airway • Injury to head, chest, lungs or abdomen • Respiratory conditions • Heart attack • Coronary heart disease • Allergic reactions • Electrocution • Shock • Poisoning • Drugs • Emotional distress

50. Respiratory Distress • Signs and symptoms: • Slow or rapid breathing • Unusually deep or shallow breathing • Shortness of breath or noisy breathing • Dizziness, drowsiness or light-headedness • Changes in the level of consciousness • Increased heart rate • Chest pain or discomfort • Flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skin