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SSH 8341 Project and Field Experience Don Legg/ Carl Edlund

SSH 8341 Project and Field Experience Don Legg/ Carl Edlund. Part II Class 8 March 20, 2000 Carl Edlund “ edlund.carl@epa.gov ”; 214-665-8124. UNDERSTAND : ROLES of the environmental professional as agents of change FORCES that shape decisions in ‘real world’

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SSH 8341 Project and Field Experience Don Legg/ Carl Edlund

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  1. SSH 8341Project and Field ExperienceDon Legg/ Carl Edlund Part II Class 8 March 20, 2000 Carl Edlund “edlund.carl@epa.gov”; 214-665-8124

  2. UNDERSTAND: ROLES of the environmental professional as agents of change FORCES that shape decisions in ‘real world’ TRENDS that affect your career APPROACH: CASE STUDIES largely from Superfund SITUATIONS and interactions [class participation and mini- tasks for tape students] CLASS PAPER LECTURE (of course) AIMS

  3. PAPER: SSH 8341 • ASSIGNMENT: Analyze an organization’s hazardous waste management problem from the perspectives of different interested constituents. The paper should: • Describe the nature and extent of the technical problem [results of ‘Study’ phase]. • Identify the decision point [‘Standard Setting’] and different vested interests. • Project the impact of the vested interests on the decision that is executed [‘Execution’ phase].

  4. PAPER: SSH 8341 Grading: • Was the technical problem described accurately; • Is the decision point identified and are all likely interests and their influences characterized; • Does the outcome reflect understanding of the relative impacts of vested interests?

  5. GRADING [THIS SEGMENT] • 70 PERCENT- class paper; Due after class 12; April 17, 2000 • 30 PERCENT- either: • Class participation [physical students], or • Mini- assignments [electronic students] I can be reached at: Email- “edlund.carl@epa.gov” Phone- 214-665-8124 FAX- 214-768-3845 (SMU)

  6. TELE-ASSIGNMENT • WHEREDO YOU WANT TO BE IN ONE YEAR?? [get to me by April 7]

  7. NEW TRUCK EXERCISE

  8. ORIGINS of ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONS • WHAT IS THE FUTURE ? • WHEN DID PEOPLE: • FIRST CHANGE THE ENVIRONMENT? • BEGIN TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT?

  9. ORIGINS • PRE-HISTORY: • Hunter gatherer impacts … any? • Where’d all those mammoths go? • ‘Garden of Eden’ - nature to be conquered • INVENTION OF AGRICULTURE: • Stable populations • Greek forests, cedars of Lebanon, Anasazi / ancestral pueblo impacts • Cities develop with water/waste problems • Need for government intervention

  10. ORIGINS • CLASSICAL PERIOD: • City Planning • Up- hill, down-hill impacts on air, water, waste • Pliney- Miasmas • DARK AGES IN WEST • RENAISSANCE • Cities rebuilt • Black Plague and miasmas

  11. ORIGINS • CITIES • Lack firewood  use of coal • Edward II: 1220 ban on ‘sea coal’ - first environmental capital case • Sanitation and broad hats • London 1660’s • Air/water pollution • “Fugagugium- Aire and Smoke Fog Dissipated” by Sir John Evelyn • Isaac Newton and miasmas • “Plague Years”, Daniel DeFoe • Luck of the chimney sweeps • Thomas Crapper

  12. ORIGINS • INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • Coal and Industrial Cities (1750 - 1960) • Sherlock Holmes • Cholera and London wells • Pasteur and sanitation (1890’s on) • Water supply, sewage: city responsibilities • Old King Coal • ‘Smog’ - 1915 • Ruhr Valley 1930’s (30,000 deaths?) • 1948 Donorra Pennsylvania (13 + 3,000) • 1952 London Air Episode (3,000?) • 1966 New York Thanksgiving Day (300?); nylon stockings

  13. ORIGINS • INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (cont) • Age of oil ..One word: ‘Plastics’ • 1913 Bakelite • 1930’s Chlorinated Compounds • Plastics, nylon • Pesticides, nerve agents • THE ‘GREEN’ REVOLUTION- 1960’s • Frustrated citizen groups [e.g. GASP, LAPP] • 1962 ‘Silent Spring’, Rachael Carson

  14. ORIGINS • GREEN (cont.) • Media Focus: • Cayahoga on Fire • Death of Lake Erie • Ineffectual Federal,State and local government … interstate pollution • Unpopular war in Vietnam • 1969 National Environmental Policy Act • 1970 Reorganization Order #3: establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency

  15. ORIGINS • FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE IN PERSPECTIVE: • We won the ‘war’ against nature and, as our ‘prize’, we must now manage and care for it. Prize was awarded irrevocably and affects all levels of society. • HOW DO WE DO THIS? GOVERNMENT

  16. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT • AGRARIAN AGE [Agriculture to Industrial Revolution] • Regulate disputes between land owners • Make war • Promote production from the land • United States Constitution (1787 - 1865) • Provide for common defense • Interstate Commerce • Was Louisiana purchase legal?[T.J worry]

  17. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT • INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN US • Early [1800 - 1890]- Promote Exploitation • Railways • 1872 Mining Act • Late [1890 - 1970]- Regulate Commerce • 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act, 1913 Clayton Act • Teddy Roosevelt • Conservation Movement- National Parks • Poison Squad - FDA • Cities: Sanitation/ water supply

  18. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT • POST - INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION [1970 - NOW] • New Roles: • Federal Government- • National Environmental Standards and Goals, • Direct Implementation where States can’t or won’t • States- • Baseline Regulation & Enforcement • New Rules: • CAA, CWA, TSCA, RCRA, FIFRA, SDWA, … • Key Point: All have common approach

  19. GOVERNMENT ROLES • LEGISLATIVE BRANCH • Pass environmental laws • Purse strings • EXECUTIVE BRANCH • Implement laws through regulations, executive orders, policies • JUDICIAL BRANCH • Interpret intent of Congress, legality of Executive Branch actions • Courts system

  20. JUDICIAL BRANCH • CITIZEN SUIT BASIS: ENGLISH COMMON LAW • Torts • Smith verses Asarco (1906) • Problems: • who banged into my car? • How much was the damage? • What is the penalty? • Resurgence in 1980’s .. ‘toxic torts’ • JUDICIAL BRANCH ROLE

  21. GOVERNMENT ROLES • STATE GOVERNMENTS • Mimic Federal system with minor variations: • Executive Branch headed by Governor • Legislative Branch • Judicial Branch • LOCAL GOVERNMENTS • Mimic Federal/State structure: • Executive Branch headed by Mayor or ,, • Legislative Branch passes statutes • Courts system

  22. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS REGULATORY PROCESS P R O B L E M S O L V E D ? S T U D Y S T D E X E C REVIEW

  23. CONSISTENCY IN REGUALTORY APPROACHES

  24. GOVERNMENT ROLES • QUESTIONS: • How can you tell which part of government is in charge? • Are there situations where all have roles at the same time?

  25. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS:RESPONSIBILITES 100% FED % RESP. STATE LOCAL 0 FEW NUMBER MANY LOW FREQUENCY HIGH HIGH NOVELTY LOW

  26. CONSISTENCY IN REGUALTORY APPROACHES

  27. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS • SYSTEMATIC • INTERSECTING AGENDAS: • Levels of government • Regulated entities • Communities • Legislators • More …..

  28. PESTICIDE [?] PROBLEM: • Mysterious deaths of chickens • Whom would you contact if problem was from: • [A] Misapplication of pesticides, • [B] Antagonistic Synergy: pesticides w/ feed, • [C] Antagonistic Synergy: pesticides w/ gasoline spill, • [D] CCA treated flooring?

  29. TELE-ASSIGNMENTDue < 4/7/00 • PESTICIDE QUESTION • WHEREDO YOU WANT TO BE IN ONE YEAR??

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