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E-hyung Park , Doo-hee Ryu , and Hyun-kyung Kim

Overview of 2012/2013 winter over South Korea. E-hyung Park , Doo-hee Ryu , and Hyun-kyung Kim. Climate Prediction Division Korea Meteorological Administration. Contents. 1. Temp. & Precip . over East Asia. 2. Temp. & Precip . over Korea. 3. Notable Events & Season Monitoring.

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E-hyung Park , Doo-hee Ryu , and Hyun-kyung Kim

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  1. Overview of 2012/2013 winter over SouthKorea E-hyung Park, Doo-hee Ryu, and Hyun-kyung Kim Climate Prediction Division Korea Meteorological Administration

  2. Contents 1. Temp. & Precip. over East Asia 2. Temp. & Precip. over Korea 3. Notable Events & Season Monitoring 4. Summary

  3. Temperature & Precipitation over EA February December January November

  4. Above Normal Below Normal Temperature over South Korea Daily Mean Temperature anomaly (℃) Anomaly: -1.6℃ -3.2℃ -1.1℃ -0.4℃ Mean (-1.0℃) 12.1 12.11 12.21 1.1 1.11 1.21 2.1 2.11 2.21 December January February above below normal

  5. Precipitation over South Korea Daily averaged amount of precipitation(㎜) Ratio to normal:162% 261% 103% 149% Total (139.3mm) 12.1 12.11 12.21 1.1 1.11 1.21 2.1 2.11 2.21 December January February above below normal

  6. Notable Events & Season Monitoring

  7. Blocking • Atmospheric blocking made frequently in Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. • A quasi-stationary blocking high over the North Pacific, which may exert an influence on the East Asian trough and indirectly affect the cold surge pathways in East Asia (Cheung et al., 2012). • The region around the Ural Mountains is the third preferred region for blocking occurrence • A strong positive height anomaly over the Urals in winter is related to a colder surface temperature in East Asia (Li, 2004). • The circulation pattern over the Uarls is one of the critical factors in winter seasonal prediction for East Asia (Li, 2004). Blocking Frequency DJF 1950~2000 Schematic illustration of Ural blocking

  8. Long-lasting cold episode and cold surge 500hPa GPH anomaly (21 Nov. to 10 Dec.) Daily mean temperature anomaly (℃) November 3rd January 1st December -0.3℃ (-1.6℃) -3.3℃ (-3.7℃) -1.4℃ (-4.4℃) -5.8℃ (-5.1℃) 11/21 11/26 12/1 12/6 12/11 12/16 12/21 12/26 1/1 1/6 SAT anomaly (21 Nov. to 10 Dec.) • From late November to early December, an blocking high occurred over the Bering Sea  Block the west to east progression of the upper level airflow  A cold upper level trough passed through over East Asia

  9. Long-lasting cold episode and cold surge 500hPa GPH anomaly (11 Dec. to 10 Jan.) Daily mean temperature anomaly (℃) November 3rd January 1st December -0.3℃ (-1.6℃) -3.3℃ (-3.7℃) -1.4℃ (-4.4℃) -5.8℃ (-5.1℃) 11/21 11/26 12/1 12/6 12/11 12/16 12/21 12/26 1/1 1/6 • From mid to late December, the blocking high occurred over the Ural Mountains  The enhanced northerly cold advection increases mass convergence in the upper troposphere over Siberia  The Siberian High was significantly developed  Cold air outbreak in East Asia

  10. Long-lasting cold episode and cold surge January December February SAT anomaly (11 Dec. to 10 Jan.) MSLP anomaly (11 Dec. to 10 Jan.) Daily variations of maximum pressure of SH (hPa) NCEP Climatology 2012/2013 80~120°E, 40~60°N

  11. Frequent snow and rain in winter Daily averaged amount of Precipitation(㎜) Upper level Cold Air Siberian High December February January 261% 103% 149% Warm & Humid Air 12.1 12.11 12.21 1.1 1.11 1.21 2.1 2.11 2.21

  12. Stratospheric Sudden Warming Mean (1991~2004) Max & Min (1991~2004) 2012/2013

  13. Summary 1. Wintertime(2012/2013) climate over Korea - Temperature: below normal (-1.6℃) - Precipitation: above normal (162%) - Rainy days: 25.5 days (3rd largest since 1973) 2. The long-lasting cold episode and cold surge is strongly associated with the blocking high over the North Pacific and Ural Mountains. Especially, the Ural blocking intensifies the Siberian high and triggers a cold air outbreak in East Asia. 3. Continuously warm and humid southwesterly flow collided frequently with cold and dry continental upper air over the Korean Peninsula which induced severe atmospheric instability.

  14. ____ ___ ___ ____ _________

  15. Above Normal Below Normal Siberian High & SAT Daily mean temperature anomaly (℃) -3.2℃ -1.1℃ -0.4℃ January December February 12.1 12.11 12.21 1.1 1.11 1.21 2.1 2.11 2.21 Daily variations of maximum pressure of SH (hPa) NCEP Climatology 2012/2013 80~120°E, 40~60°N

  16. SAT anomaly 2009/2010 DJF 2010/2011 DJF 2011/2012 DJF 2012/2013 DJF

  17. Regression map & Anomalous pattern Korea Precip. (DJF) & OLR(DJF): 1979/80~2011/12 OLR 2012D/13J Anomalous pattern (Clim: 1979-2011 DJF)

  18. Velocity Potential and SST Anomaly SST monthly Anomaly December

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