Expert Group Meeting on the Scope and Content of Social Statistics

1. Review of papers on Crime and Justice Statistics Country papers-: Italy and Ireland Jogeswar Dash Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, India ESA/STAT/AC.161/Cj.1 Expert Group Meeting on the Scope and Content of Social Statistics

2. Crime statistics- New Challenges • Crime is an area of increasing concern all over the world. • Criminals adopt new techniques and methodologies, new networks that transcend national boundaries • Unleashing of the forces of globalization and advent of cyber space has added new dimension to crime, extremist violence and organized crime

3. What statistics can do • Data / statistics should be capable of providing inputs for policy and strategies to tackle new and emerging forms of crimes • Special efforts to be channelized towards protection of the vulnerable and weaker sections of the societies- women and children

4. Crime statistics- sources Administrative statistics( police, courts, jails etc) and sample surveys. Real criminality: whole crime set in a specific time and place regardless of police reporting or inquiries or final sentence Reported criminality: Administrative data Hidden Criminality:Not reported and unknown(may be known also) to social control agencies. Can be estimated through sample surveys

5. Hidden Crime ( Domestic Crime) • the term domestic crime referred includes crime against women and girls by an intimate partner and by family members irrespective of crime committed within or beyond boundaries of the home. • crime that occurs within the family or within the home • tolerated in many contexts and goes unnoticed. • only a small number of crime committed against women are covered under legal provisions . • despite the universal awareness of the problem, there is little rigorous data to establish prevalence and to monitor trends

6. Case of Italy • victimization survey and violence against women survey– Italy • 70 % hidden criminality, 7% of rape cases are reported • Categories of Crime: against house holds, moral, against property, against state, social institutions, public order, economy, public faith, organized crime

7. Case of Italy • New Statistics to monitor political needs and social changes: Bank card cloning, internet theft and fraud, harassment at work places • UNECE-UNODC task force is preparing a manual on victimization survey • EUROSTAT is testing a European module with a core set of Questions.

8. Case of Ireland • CSO produces Recorded Crime Statistics based on Administrative data , quarterly and annually • CSO conducts Crime and Victimization surveys as a module in LF survey- over 50 questions at household level and individual level (sexual assaults & domestic violence are not included)

9. Case of Ireland Classification of crimes • New classification introduced in April 2008 • Has 3 levels of coding, 16 offence groups and over 200 criminal incident types • Uses Social rather than Legal model of crime • Data can be provided at 2, 3 or 4 levels

10. Case of Ireland Counting Rules • Primary offence Rule: Where two or more criminal offences are disclosed in a single episode it nis the primary offence that is counted • One offence counts per victim: one offence conts per victim involved with exceptions of cheque/ credit card fraud and burglary • A continuous series of offences against the same victim involving the same offender counts as one offence

11. Case of Ireland Crime related statistics and agencies • Irish Curt Service: statistics relating to courts system based on administrative records • Irish Prison Service: Statistics Relating to prisons • Directorate of Public prosecutions: • National Crime council And Rape Crisis Centres : Crime and Justice statistics and related Research findings.

12. Issues for Discussion • ISTAT takes care of the quality of Statistics produced by Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Interior. The issue is how the quality is judged by ISTAT- This may be a common issue for Most of the Countries • UNSD may take up a new work of harmonization, guidelines, designing of frame work for crime statistics, indicators needed, crimes to be studied etc.

13. Issues for Discussion • Sample survey: what should be the FRAME • Whether sample space excludes the Administrative Record crimes ? • What should be counted – Crimes or Criminals?

14. Issues for Discussion • Accidental deaths, Suicides are factors for premature end to life. Data relating to parameters like causative factors, age group of the victims are useful to understand the problems • Disposal of Crime: Criminal justice system to be geared to meet the situation. Statistics relating to justice system: Number of courts, judges, disposal rates, pending cases etc.

15. Issues for Discussion • Prison Statistics: Concept of prison is undergoing change and rights of prisoners are in focus today. Prison is not a place punishment, but for reforms, rehabilitation. • Prison population • Occupancy rate/ over crowding • Convicts and under-trials, • Women in jail etc.

16. Crime against Women and Children • Crime is a behavioral, emotional, psychological, physical or sexual abuse that one person uses in order to control another. • Various kinds of crimes against women recordable under law are • eve-teasing, molestation, • bigamy, fraudulent marriage, • adultery and enticement of married women, • abduction and kidnapping, • rape, harassment to women at working place, • wife beating, dowry death, • female child abuse and abuse of elderly female

17. Crime against Women and Children • To identify the key problem use additional data sources such as socio-economic background • study the different stages of life where abuse takes place and its implications. • childhood • a girl may be the target of sex-selective abortion, • enforced malnutrition, • lack of access to medical care and education, • bonded labour, • early marriage, and forced prostitution.

18. Crime against Women and Children • Adult life • raped and even murdered at the hands of intimate partners. • forced pregnancy, • abortion, • harmful practices such as sati (the burning of a widow on the funeral pyre of her husband), • killings in the name of honour, • dowry-related crime. • psychological abuse