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FERMA: An Efficient Geocasting Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Multiple Target Regions

This paper presents FERMA, a novel geocasting protocol designed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that efficiently delivers interest messages to multiple target regions. Traditional flooding methods increase network traffic and energy consumption, making them inefficient. By applying the concept of the Fermat Point, FERMA minimizes data transmission latency and bandwidth usage through a shared path that reduces the number of interest messages sent. Performance evaluations demonstrate significant improvements in energy consumption and packet overhead compared to existing protocols.

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FERMA: An Efficient Geocasting Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Multiple Target Regions

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  1. FERMA: An Efficient Geocasting Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Multiple Target Regions Young-Mi Song, Sung-Hee Lee and Young-Bae Ko Ajou University Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2005

  2. Outline • Introduction • Background and Motivation • Proposed scheme: FERMA • Performance Evaluation • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • In WSN, a query (interest) is used to have sensor nodes collect data and return these sensing data • Flooding mechanism • Increases network traffic and leads inefficient energy consumption • Geographical propagation • One single target region

  4. Introduction • Objective • Efficiently deliver interest messages to multiple target regions • Latency • Bandwidth consumption • Method • Send interest just once at the sink node • Suitable shared path • Multiple packet transmissions toward different target regions • Data aggregation • Fermat Point • Entrance nodes

  5. Background and Motivation • What is the point such that the sum of its distances from the vertices of a triangle is a minimum? • Fermat point

  6. Background and Motivation-Fermat point • Fermat Point is the point such that the sum of its distances from the vertices of a triangle is a minimum

  7. Background and Motivation-Fermat point • One of the internal angles of ΔABC is 120° or more • Fail to construct the Fermat Point • Fermat Point is drawn outside of the triangle

  8. Background and Motivation-Applying Fermat Point concept for SN geocasting

  9. Background and Motivation-Applying Fermat Point concept for SN geocasting

  10. Proposed scheme: FERMA 1.three geographical coordinates with Fermat point 2.two central points of the target regions

  11. Proposed scheme: FERMA Flooding Flooding

  12. Proposed scheme: FERMA

  13. Proposed scheme: FERMA • Data packet forwarding Phase • Gradient • All nodes record the previous hop which forwards that interest

  14. Proposed scheme: FERMA • Aggregation • Each target region • Fermat points • Latency of data delivery becomes longer

  15. Simulation • Metrics • Packet overhead • Energy consumption • Performance affected by the number of target regions • Comparisons • Pure greedy forwarding • Flooding

  16. Simulation- Environment • NS-2 • 100 nodes • 200m*200m • Sink is at (0,0) • Target region: 1 to 5 • Interest packet: 36 bytes • Data packet: 64 bytes

  17. Environment-Results Average Number of Interest Packets Average Number of Data Packets

  18. Environment-Results Average Consumed Energy (Joules/Node/Distrinct Query) Average Number of Total Packets

  19. Conclusion • Efficient interest forwarding in the environment of multiple target regions • Suitable shared path among multiple target regions • Theorem of Fermat Point • Two-level data aggregation scheme • Ongoing work • Avoid the obstacle

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