Early Exploration

Early Exploration

Do Now # 8 • It is common for us all to have curiosity about an unknown place/thing. • What have you wanted to explore, or been curious about? • As a child did you ever want to go on an adventure to discover new things? Did you? • Share your story about exploration and discovery…everyone has one!

Motives for Exploration • The Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and curiosity. • Spice and other goods traded with Asia, during and after the Crusades, and was very profitable for merchants. • Overseas exploration could provide new products for merchants to sell. • Muslims and Italians controlled the trade of goods from east to west • Italians would buy Asian goods from the Muslims, then increase the price before sold to merchants. • By the 1400s Monarchs of England, Spain, Portugal, & France had enough of the Italians high prices, and set out to find sea routes to Asia to trade directly.

God, Glory, & Gold! • After the Crusades(1096-1270), Christians felt that they had a sacred duty to not only continue to fight the Muslims, but to convert non-christians. “To serve God and his majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men deserve to.” - Bartolomeu Dias

Sailing Technology • In the 1400s shipbuilders fashioned a new type of ship called the caravel.Prior to the caravel, ships could not sail against the wind. • The astrolabe - allowed sailors to calculate their latitude or how far north or south of the equator they were. • Explorers also used the magnetic compass to track direction.

Portugal Leads the Way! • Prince Henry of Portugal pushed to find new trade routes for gold and to spread Christianity. • Henry founded a navigation school where map & instrument makers, shipbuilders scientists and captains could perfect their trade. • By 1419 - The Portuguese had established trading posts around Africa’s coast (making profit from ivory & gold) - next was to find a sea route to Asia via the tip of Africa. • 1488- Bartolomeu Dias - attempts and makes it to the southeastern coast but, turns back due to low supplies. • 1497 - Vasco da Gama explorers the Southwestern coast of India and comes back with 60 times the cost of the trip in rare silks, spices and precious gems. This gives Portugal a direct sea route to Asia.

Spain vs. Portugal • 1492 - Italian Christopher Columbus convinced Spain to finance finding a trade route to Asia by sailing across the Atlantic ocean. • Columbus reaches an island in the Caribbean, believing he had reached the East Indies. • The rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew - Portugal states that lands Columbus claimed for Spain may have been already reached by the Portuguese. • 1493 - Pope Alexander VI suggests an imaginary line through the Atlantic Ocean. All lands West would be Spain’s, and all lands East would be Portugal's. • 1494-Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesilla, agreeing to honor the imaginary line.

Early Explorers Book Project • Explorers Project • Things to include in your project: • Book Cover & Title - colorful, neat, and should grab the viewer's attention. • Page 1 - Brief biography of the explorer. (3-paragraph minimum). • Page 2 - Voyage information page: • Must include country and person affiliated or funded by & name of ship(s). • Ship picture & Country of origin flag. • Departing city and country, and where they arrived, city and country. • Page 3 - Map: • Explorer’s country, route he traveled, where he explored, and lands claimed for sponsor country. • Labels must be in ink, colorful, neat, and should grab the viewer's attention. • Page 4 – Journal • 3 Journal Entries (minimum of 1 paragraph each) about the journey there. • Page 5 – Letter to the King • Write a letter to the king about your journey • What was discovered? Did you find new products to trade/sell? • Did you run into any natives of the land? Any major events occur? How long did the journey take?

Early Explorers Project • Today you will embark on your own journey, and discover more about some of Europe’s early explorers. Please follow the rubric below:

Explorers Notes Part 2

Do Now #9 • What are some positive and negative effects of exploration? What do you think could happen when different cultures meet?

Early Explorers • During the 1500s, European nations had commissioned dozens of sailors to find faster routes, and discover and claim new lands.

Cortes Conquers the Aztecs • In 1519, Hernando Cortes landed in Mexico after colonizing several Caribbean Islands. • Colonies: lands that were controlled by other nations. • Cortes, and the many other Spanish explorers who followed him were known as conquistadors. • The Spanish were the 1st European settlers in the Americas. • Montezuma gave Cortes half of the empires existing gold supply –thinking he was a god- but that was not enough for Cortez. • In 1521 – Cortes and his men defeated the Aztecs. They armed with cannons and muskets, and the Aztecs with only arrows and spears. • Disease also helped Cortés's victory – The Indians were not immune to certain diseases such as small pox and the measles. They died by the thousands.

Spain’s Influence Expands • In 1513, Ponce de Leon explored and landed on the coast of modern day Florida and claimed it for Spain. • In 1532, conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in Peru. • 1541-42, Vasquez de Coronado explores Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, & Kansas. • New Mexico became the headquarters for the advancement of the Catholic religion. Santa Fe becomes the capital meaning “holy faith”.

Europe settles North America • French explorer, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, which became the base of France’s colonial empire in N. America known as New France. • In 1606 King James of England funds a voyage to North America to build a colony. • In 1607 they reach the coast of Virginia and settled, creating the 1st English colony Jamestown. • In 1620 another group known as Pilgrims founded the 2nd English colony – Plymouth,MA. • The Dutch settled most of NY, & NJ and called it New Netherlands.

Struggle for North America • English oust the Dutch and claim New Netherlands theirs - renaming it New York. • By 1750 there were 1.2 Million English settlers and 13 colonies from Maine to Georgia. • The French had formed a cooperative relationship with the Native Americans both partaking in fur trade. • The English were hungry for more land and started pushing west in America - into French territories. • The French allied with Native American tribes fought the English for land - became known as the French & Indian War. • This was part of a bigger war known as the Seven Years war with was also fought in Europe. • The British won in 1763 and claimed all French holdings.

Do Now #10 • Please stand within the taped off rectangle before the bell rings • Those who are not in the rectangle by the bell will be brought to ISS. Right here↓

The Atlantic World

Background • European colonists tried to meet their labor needs by enslaving Native Americans or using indentured servants. • death of millions of Native Americans from disease led to a chronic labor shortage • Europeans turned to Africa. Enslaved Africans became part of the series of trading networks that exchanged goods for slaves and crisscrossed the American colonies, Europe, the Caribbean, and Africa. • Portuguese settlement of Brazil • Demand for slaves grew massively as Brazil’s sugar industry expanded. • African rulers • Some African rulers helped deliver slaves to Europeans in exchange for goods. • African merchants • They bought and sold slaves. • When African rulers opposed the slave trade, merchants developed new trade routes.

Atlantic Slave Trade • The buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas became known as the Atlantic Slave Trade. • Triangular trade: carried manufactured goods to Africa, where they were exchanged for slaves. Slaves were carried to the Americas and exchanged for raw agricultural products, such as sugar, coffee, and tobacco, which were carried to Europe and sold. • Middle passage: Captured Africans were transported under horrific conditions along the middle leg of the triangular trade routes.

Effects of Slave Trade • population drain, introduction of guns that helped spread war and devastation • separation from families, harsh lives. • provided economic, cultural development, and farming expertise that helped many colonies survive. • knowledgeable Africans introduced rice-growing techniques that made South Carolina a profitable rice producer. • addition of Africans to population group, mixed-race populations, cultural additions, cultural blending

DBQ= Document Based Question • Let’s talk about evidence building and using sources • …cause your opinions are worthless • For real • Like for real real.

Frederick Douglass • Started out life as a slave • Abolitionist • Sought out by President Lincoln for advising *He had a vacation home right here in Long Branch

Do Now #11 • Write a “To Do” list for your Explorer’s Book Project

DBQ… Again • Slave culture DBQ • Use the tools and strategies that we talked about last class

The Columbian Exchange

Do Now #11Where did the ingredients come from?

Analyzing Snickers • Old world to New World • Sugar - 1st discovered in India. • Chickens - parts of Asia. • Soybean - Korea. • Cows - Asia, Europe & North Africa. • New World to Old World • Cocoa • Peanuts

Background • Colonization resulted in the exchange of new items. • The new wealth from the Americas resulted in new business and trade practices for Europe. • The global transfer of foods, plants and animals during colonization of the Americas is known as the Columbian Exchange named after Christopher Columbus. • Two of the most important items to be brought to Europe was corn and potatoes, which were both inexpensive to grow and nutritious.

Pros & Cons of the Exchange • Many of new animals and plants were introduced to both Europe and the Americas played a significant role in boosting populations. • New products were manufactured using goods from both Europe and the Americas. • Various diseases were brought to the Americas that Native Americans were not immune to resulting in many deaths. • Slaves were traded more frequently because of the demand for American crops.

Capitalism & Stocks • Capitalism: an economic system based on private owner-ship and investment for profit. • Numerous merchants gained wealth & numerous businesses across Europe flourished. • The increase in economic activity led to an increase in the money supply resulting in inflation. • Inflation occurs when there is more money to spend thus demanding more goods - the price in goods then increases due to lack of supply to meet the demand. • Joint-stock company: worked like a modern day cooperation, investors buy shares of stock to invest in a company. (pooling wealth for a common purpose)

Restaurant Activity • Take out the name of the recipe that you looked into for homework • Using the Internet please look up your recipe for the dish of your choice and write down the ingredients. • Locate the country of origin in which you can find the ingredients and color code the map, listing the ingredients that you have imported from the country to make your dish. Make sure you include a key so we know what dish you are talking about. • Your final product should be a color-coded map and ingredient list. Provided.

Early Exploration

Motives for Exploration • The Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and curiosity. • Spice and other goods traded with Asia, during and after the Crusades, and was very profitable for merchants. • Overseas exploration could provide new products for merchants to sell. • Muslims and Italians controlled the trade of goods from east to west • Italians would buy Asian goods from the Muslims, then increase the price before sold to merchants. • By the 1400s Monarchs of England, Spain, Portugal, & France had enough of the Italians high prices, and set out to find sea routes to Asia to trade directly.

God, Glory, & Gold! • After the Crusades(1096-1270), Christians felt that they had a sacred duty to not only continue to fight the Muslims, but to convert non-christians. “To serve God and his majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men deserve to.” - Bartolomeu Dias

Sailing Technology • In the 1400s shipbuilders fashioned a new type of ship called the caravel.Prior to the caravel, ships could not sail against the wind. • The astrolabe - allowed sailors to calculate their latitude or how far north or south of the equator they were. • Explorers also used the magnetic compass to track direction.

Portugal Leads the Way! • Prince Henry of Portugal pushed to find new trade routes for gold and to spread Christianity. • Henry founded a navigation school where map & instrument makers, shipbuilders scientists and captains could perfect their trade. • By 1419 - The Portuguese had established trading posts around Africa’s coast (making profit from ivory & gold) - next was to find a sea route to Asia via the tip of Africa. • 1488- Bartolomeu Dias - attempts and makes it to the southeastern coast but, turns back due to low supplies. • 1497 - Vasco da Gama explorers the Southwestern coast of India and comes back with 60 times the cost of the trip in rare silks, spices and precious gems. This gives Portugal a direct sea route to Asia.

Spain vs. Portugal • 1492 - Italian Christopher Columbus convinced Spain to finance finding a trade route to Asia by sailing across the Atlantic ocean. • Columbus reaches an island in the Caribbean, believing he had reached the East Indies. • The rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew - Portugal states that lands Columbus claimed for Spain may have been already reached by the Portuguese. • 1493 - Pope Alexander VI suggests an imaginary line through the Atlantic Ocean. All lands West would be Spain’s, and all lands East would be Portugal's. • 1494-Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesilla, agreeing to honor the imaginary line.

Early Explorers Book Project • Explorers Project • Things to include in your project: • Book Cover & Title - colorful, neat, and should grab the viewer's attention. • Page 1 - Brief biography of the explorer. (3-paragraph minimum). • Page 2 - Voyage information page: • Must include country and person affiliated or funded by & name of ship(s). • Ship picture & Country of origin flag. • Departing city and country, and where they arrived, city and country. • Page 3 - Map: • Explorer’s country, route he traveled, where he explored, and lands claimed for sponsor country. • Labels must be in ink, colorful, neat, and should grab the viewer's attention. • Page 4 – Journal • 3 Journal Entries (minimum of 1 paragraph each) about the journey there. • Page 5 – Letter to the King • Write a letter to the king about your journey • What was discovered? Did you find new products to trade/sell? • Did you run into any natives of the land? Any major events occur? How long did the journey take?

Explorers Notes Part 2

Early Explorers • During the 1500s, European nations had commissioned dozens of sailors to find faster routes, and discover and claim new lands.

Cortes Conquers the Aztecs • In 1519, Hernando Cortes landed in Mexico after colonizing several Caribbean Islands. • Colonies: lands that were controlled by other nations. • Cortes, and the many other Spanish explorers who followed him were known as conquistadors. • The Spanish were the 1st European settlers in the Americas. • Montezuma gave Cortes half of the empires existing gold supply –thinking he was a god- but that was not enough for Cortez. • In 1521 – Cortes and his men defeated the Aztecs. They armed with cannons and muskets, and the Aztecs with only arrows and spears. • Disease also helped Cortés's victory – The Indians were not immune to certain diseases such as small pox and the measles. They died by the thousands.

Spain’s Influence Expands • In 1513, Ponce de Leon explored and landed on the coast of modern day Florida and claimed it for Spain. • In 1532, conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in Peru. • 1541-42, Vasquez de Coronado explores Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, & Kansas. • New Mexico became the headquarters for the advancement of the Catholic religion. Santa Fe becomes the capital meaning “holy faith”.

Europe settles North America • French explorer, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, which became the base of France’s colonial empire in N. America known as New France. • In 1606 King James of England funds a voyage to North America to build a colony. • In 1607 they reach the coast of Virginia and settled, creating the 1st English colony Jamestown. • In 1620 another group known as Pilgrims founded the 2nd English colony – Plymouth,MA. • The Dutch settled most of NY, & NJ and called it New Netherlands.

Struggle for North America • English oust the Dutch and claim New Netherlands theirs - renaming it New York. • By 1750 there were 1.2 Million English settlers and 13 colonies from Maine to Georgia. • The French had formed a cooperative relationship with the Native Americans both partaking in fur trade. • The English were hungry for more land and started pushing west in America - into French territories. • The French allied with Native American tribes fought the English for land - became known as the French & Indian War. • This was part of a bigger war known as the Seven Years war with was also fought in Europe. • The British won in 1763 and claimed all French holdings.

Early Exploration