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Lezione 1b - 13 ottobre 2009

Lezione 1b - 13 ottobre 2009.

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Lezione 1b - 13 ottobre 2009

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  1. Lezione 1b - 13 ottobre 2009 Il materiale didattico usato in questo corso è stato mutuato da quello utilizzato da Paolo Veronesi per il corso di Griglie Computazionali per la Laurea Specialistica in Informatica tenutonell’anno accademico 2008/09 presso l’Università degli Studi di Ferrara. Paolo Veronesi paolo.veronesi@cnaf.infn.it, pveronesi@unife.it http://www.cnaf.infn.it/~pveronesi/unife/ Università degli Studi di Bari – Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Informatica “Tecnologia dei Servizi “Grid e cloud computing” A.A. 2009/2010 Giorgio Pietro Maggigiorgio.maggi@ba.infn.it, http://www.ba.infn.it/~maggi

  2. The scientific “demand”

  3. The History of the Universe

  4. What is CERN? CERN is the European Organization for Nuclear Research The world's largest particle physics laboratory explores what matter is made of, and what forces hold it together Founded in 1954 (50 years last year!) One of Europe's first truly international joint ventures Now includes 20 Member States ... where the Web was born! www.cern.ch

  5. Distribution of CERN users Formal ties with governments of countries such as Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

  6. A collision @ LHC

  7. High Energy Physics Applications (CERN LHC Exps.) ATLAS CMS LHCb

  8. LHC: 4 experiments … ready (almost…)

  9. Orders of magnitude CMS LHCb ATLAS ALICE 40,000,000 collisions/sec in each of the four detectors 100,000 of today’s fastest processors 15 PetaBytes of new data each year 150 times the total content of the Web each year 1 Petabyte (1PB) = 1000TB = 10 times the text content of the World Wide Web** ** Urs Hölzle, VP Operations at Google

  10. Orders of magnitude Balloon (30 Km) CD stack with 1 year LHC data! (~ 20 Km) Concorde (15 Km) Mt. Blanc (4.8 Km) All interactions Higgs?? 1 needle in 10,000,000 haystacks !

  11. The Data Acquisition

  12. Data acquisition and storage for LHC @ CERN

  13. The Tiers ModTier-0 -1 -2

  14. HEP Grid Computing Model (since the end of 90’s) Online System Tier2 Centre ~1 TIPS INFN Catania Tier2 Centre ~1 TIPS Tier2 Centre ~1 TIPS Tier2 Centre ~1 TIPS Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage 1 TIPS is approximately 25,000 SpecInt95 equivalents ~PBytes/sec ~1 GBytes/sec Offline Processor Farm ~20 TIPS There is a “bunch crossing” every 25 nsecs. There are 100 “triggers” per second Each triggered event is ~1 MByte in size ~100-1000 MBytes/sec Tier 0 CERN Computer Centre ~10 Gbits/sec France Regional Centre Italy Regional Centre US Regional Centre Asia Pacific Centre ~4 TIPS Tier 1 Tier 2 1-2.5 Gbits/sec ~1 Gbit/sec Tier 3 Institute Institute Institute Dept. of Phys Physics data cache ~100 to 1000 Mbits/sec Tier 4

  15. In silico drug discovery Diseases such as HIV/AIDS, SRAS, Bird Flu etc. are a threat to public health due to world wide exchanges and circulation of persons Grids open new perspectives to in silico drug discovery Reduced cost and adding an accelerating factor in the search for new drugs • International collaboration is required for: • Early detection • Epidemiological watch • Prevention • Search for new drugs • Search for vaccines

  16. Example: Pharmacokinetis A lesion is detected in an MRI study of a patient – start with virtual biopsy The process requires obtaining a sequence of MRI volumetric images. Different images are obtained in different breath-holds. Before analyzing the variation of each voxel, images must be co-registered to minimize deformation due to different breath holds. The total computational cost of a clinical trial of 20 patients is around 100 CPU days.

  17. Example: Determining earthquake mechanisms Seismic software application determines epicentre, magnitude, mechanism Analysis of Indonesian earthquake (28 March 2005) Seismic data within 12 hours after the earthquake Analysis performed within 30 hours after earthquake occurred Results Not an aftershock of December 2004 earthquake Different location (different part of fault line further south) Different mechanism  Rapid analysis of earthquakes important for relief efforts Sumatra, March 28, 2005 Mw=8.5 Peru, June 23, 2001 Mw=8.4

  18. e-Scienza vs. e-Business DEISA EGEE Market + e-Infrastructure projects, international, policies, user communities Joint Act.ies GRID . INFRASTRUCTURE e-Infrastructure Research … GÉANT . INFRASTRUCTURE GÉANT

  19. Un esempio concreto: il progetto BEinGRID Coordinator: Atos Origin

  20. Le cose non sono tuttavia così semplici... L’adozione di Grid da parte del mondo dell’Industria procede più lentamente di quanto potrebbe Recenti indagini di mercato confermano che i “freni” più importanti risultano essere: La Sicurezza Rigidi controlli di accesso a dati e applicazioni e “privacy” per dati sensibili; Gli Standard La loro adozione incoraggerebbe investimenti a lungo termine La Formazione Necessità di offerte formative specifiche per il mondo “business” La Gestione delle License Software Controlli d’uso delle licenze software e protezione delle “revenues” di chi produce software commerciale

  21. “Use case” di carattere/interesse industriale (1/4) Studio del sistema di adduzione syngas per la verifica della fluido-dinamica del condotto di alimentazione combustibile delle turbine a gas Siemens V94.2K, topper dell’impianto IGCC ISAB Energy

  22. “Use case” di carattere/interesse industriale (2/4) Studio della combustione con bruciatore ibrido finalizzato all’analisi fluidodinamica del bruciatore bifuel e della combustione nelle turbine a gas Siemens V94.2K, topper dell’impianto IGCC ISAB Energy durante la marcia a gasolio Syngas Risalita d’aria calda dal condotto syngas

  23. “Use case” di carattere/interesse industriale (3/4) Analisi elettromagnetica di Tubi ad Onda Progressiva Tempo di simulazione su 1 PC: 400 min. Tempo di simulazione su GRID: 30 min. Tempo di simulazione su 1 PC: 8 h. Tempo di simulazione su GRID: 45 min.

  24. “Use case” di carattere/interesse industriale (4/4) Simulazione fluido-dinamica della cascata delle Marmore per la determinazione dei punti critici dell'intero percorso della cascata in diverse condizioni di portata Numidia srl 3.1 milioni di volumi

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