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Louis Napoleon Bonaparte: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon III and His Authoritarian Regime

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, known as Napoleon III, rose to power amid fears of radicalism in France. He aimed to restore order and progress, positioning himself as a champion of the people against the discredited republic. His government combined authoritarian institutions with glamorous pomp, yet his initiatives faced challenges, including internal dissent and failed foreign policies. From infrastructural advancements like the expansion of the railway network and the Suez Canal to social reforms, his reign was marked by ambition and turmoil, ultimately leading to the collapse of the Second Empire.

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Louis Napoleon Bonaparte: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon III and His Authoritarian Regime

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  1. Bonapartism By: Claire Blankenship 1st Hour

  2. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte • Called himself Napoleon III • Came to power because of the fear of radicalism in a discredited republic • Saw public opinion as an opportunity • Tried to create order in France

  3. Modern Progress • Different than all the other monarchs of Europe • Claimed to have the perfect plan for government • Said that parliamentary bodies accentuated class divisions within a country and didn’t represent the people • Thought forms of government were less important than economic and social realities

  4. Authoritarian Institutions • Council of State- composed of experts who drafted legislation and advised on technical matters • Appointive Senate • Legislative Body- elected by universal male suffrage; government’s officials always won; had no real powers

  5. Pomp and Pageantry • Set up a sumptuous court at the Tuileries • Married Eugénie, a Spanish noblewoman • Baron Haussmann- city planner for Paris

  6. Socialist Emperor • Found support from the former Saint-Simonians • Happy with the CréditMobilier- a banking institution that sold its shares to the public and used those funds to invest in new industrial enterprises • Also happy with CréditFoncier- bank that lent funds to landowners for the improvement of agriculture

  7. Expansion • Brought on by the discovery of gold in California and Australia • Railway network expanded • Built the Suez Canal • Appearance of large corporations • Stocks and shares became more numerous and diversified • France became very wealthy

  8. Wanted to organize workers to develop uncultivated land- never accomplished • Humanitarian relief • Hospitals and asylums established • Free medicines distributed • Large unions began to have power again • Allowed to strike Socialistic initiatives

  9. International Trade Belgium • Napoleon III believed in freedom of international trade • Wanted to create a tariff union with Belgium • Would have been very successful • Stopped from private interests in both countries and opposition in GBR and Germany • Agreed to a free trade treaty with GBR • Overruled opposition in the Legislative Body for this • Set aside 40 million francs to help with transition- not all used Britain

  10. The End of the Second Empire • Internal problems • Industrialists weren’t happy with the trade agreement with GBR • Catholics weren’t happy with his intervention in Italy • External Problems • Crimean War with Russia • Fought in Italy, Mexico, and France (against the Prussians)

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