Global Social Protection Floor Perspectives and Experiences of OECD-POVNET and FINLAND

1. Global Social Protection Floor Perspectives and Experiences of OECD-POVNET and FINLAND Pre-Conference Workshop on the Global Social Protection Floor Global Conference of ICSW, IFSW and IASSW Hong Kong, 7 June, 2010 Timo Voipio Vice-Chair, OECD-POVNET Senior Adviser for Global Social Policy Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland Timo.Voipio@formin.fi

2. THANKS to ICSW Kuala Lumpur 2004 Brasilia 2006 Tours 2008 Hong Kong 2010 - CONGRATULATIONS ICSW !  North-South Programme ! - CONGRATULATIONS TANZANIA AND FINLAND !  Twinning, most fruitful !!

3. CONGRATULATIONS ICSW, IFSW and IASSW Global Social Protection Floor 1) For >30 years the international aid community has been trying to reduce poverty by… - economic growth + “trickle down” - short-term (3yr) “poverty reduction projects” 2) Yet, in all societies that have succeeded: permanent national institutions for: - DECENT WORK for employment intensive, pro-poor, redistributed and sustainable growth - SOCIAL PROTECTION for the young, old, sick, disabled – or those in various kinds of “shocks”

4. Rio-1992 Sustainable development =balanced dev’t ECONOMIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo.voipio@formin.fi

5. ILO, UN-ECOSOC, EU: DECENT WORK FOR ALL Employment, entre- preneurship & growth • SOCIAL • security & protection • inclusion & dialogue • rights & equality, • - empowerment Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo.voipio@formin.fi

6. Why Social Protection ? Good for economic growth: poor and vulnerable people often make sub-optimal economic choices because they cannot tolerate the risks related to moving to new crops, businesses, areas …in financial crisis  aggregate demand! A human right (Art.22-28 UDHR) – and a basic pillar of social cohesion (social contract). Fastest way to achieve MDGs

7. Promising evidence, e.g. from… Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), e.g. Bolsa Familia in Brazil; ADB Employment Guarantee Schemes, e.g. NREGA in India… Social Health Insurance, e.g. in Rwanda Child Grants/ family benefits, e.g. in South Africa Social pensions, e.g. in Nepal, South Africa, Brazil. Maternity protection  MDG-5 !!!

8. Finland: Aid  PovRed  GlobSocPol • Aid Experts’ Meeting UN CSocD  Book + PolicyStatement Comprehensive Social Policies for Development in a Globalizing World Link: http://info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/comprehensive/index.htm

9. Social Protection Floor One key element in comprehensive social policy: Solid floor ladder/staircase to climb higher!! Social contract – nationally and globally – to ensure that every woman and man will be able to participate in, contribute to and benefit from development…  OECD-POVNET

10. OECD-DAC = ”Donor Think Tank”POVNET = Poverty Reduction Network POVNET Guidelines on Poverty Reduction 2001 2) POVNET Guide on Pro-Poor Growth (PPG) 2006 PPG and Agriculture 2006 PPG and Infrastructure 2006 PPG and PrivSectDevt 2006 PPG and Social Protection 2009 PPG and Employment2009 PPG and Empowerment - forthcoming 2010 Global Social Protection Floor 2011-2012

11. 1999-2010 Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo.voipio@formin.fi

12. Risk & Vulnerability = Key constraints for the participation of the poorpeople in PPG in PSD and Agriculture Social Protectionneeded… Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo.voipio@formin.fi

13. POVNET: Pro-poor growth= growth that poor people participate in, contribute to and benefit from… A narrow ‘tradeable’/ Growth in all sectors/areas/markets ‘export’ sector/area/market? where the poor are & growth (and redistribution, if any?) also in the national economy? OLD NEW Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo.voipio@formin.fi

14. Reliable SocProt may also encourage structural change & climate adaptation A narrow ‘tradeable’/ Growth in all sectors/areas/markets ‘export’ sector/area/market? where the poor are + flexibility (and redistribution, if any?) for structural change, thanks to increased social security + Structural change Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo.voipio@formin.fi

15. Justifications used by donors for focusing on Social Protection • Rights-based • MDGs, basic needs • human development / human security (Sen/JICA) • global socio-economic ‘floor’ (minimum standards) & global compact (MDG8) • democratic participation and social dialogue • sustainable development, lifecycle and inter-generational thinking • Pro-poor growth • helps avoid shocks that can derail growth • promotes innovation, risk taking and entrepreneurship • broadens participation in economic growth • focuses on asset accumulation • counteracts irreversible asset depletion Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo.voipio@formin.fi

16. A Human Rights Based Approach… • Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: “Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security” further explained by article 25 and echoed by the International Covenant on Economic and Social Rights (1966,1976) as commented by the Committee on Economic , Social and cultural rights in 2008 stating • Progressive implementation of the right to social security while maintaining • a core obligation to select a core group of social risks and contingencies for immediate implementation • States parties…”should consider the development of further legal instruments” to “ ensure that the right to social security is given due attention in international agreements”

17. A Human Rights Based Approach… • UDHR Article 25: Right to health and well being including food , clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services …special care and assistance in case of motherhood and childhood… • Article 26: Universal right to education… • Article 27: Right to participate in the cultural life of the community… • THE SPF INITITIATIVE GIVES CORE CONTENT TO THE BASIC RIGHTS EVEN IN TIMES OF CRISES …

18. What is the Social Protection Floor (SPF)–Initiative? • One-UN  Mandated by UN Crisis Summit and CEB • Ensuring rights to essential services and social transfers for the poor and vulnerable: • Essential services, such as health, water and sanitation, education, social work 2. Essential social transfers: • Universal Health Care • Assistance for Unemployed and Poor • Child benefit • Universal Old-Age and Disability Pension

19. The universal and progressive social security development approach: The horizontal and vertical dimensions – ILO mandate: Family Benefit Sickness Benefit Unemployment Benefit Maternity Benefit Medical Care Benefit Survivors’ Benefit Invalidity Benefit Old-age Benefit Employment Injury Benefit Social Security Benefits according to C. 102 VERTICAL DIMENSION Four Guarantees: Universal Health Care Assistance for Unemployed and Poor Child benefit Universal Old-Age and Disability Pension Social Protection Floor HORIZONTAL DIMENSION

20. Gradual mngt of prioritized poverty risks through legislation & regulation, case Finland Housing (1950-80) Immigr. Old age(1935-70) Long termun- Work and family(65-95) employment Illhealth (1890-1970)Studies(60-85) Overindebt- Children(1920-70)edness(1990s)Unemployment(60-85) 1920s.1950-70s.1990s. 2000s (Sources: Jäntti, Saari, Vartiainen 2005; Saari 2005). Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland timo.voipio@formin.fi

21. Who participates in the SPF-Initiative? • National governments (ministries of labour, health, finance, agriculture …), social partners and national NGOs/CSOs, etc. + Regional bodies ? • UN agencies such as ILO, WHO, FAO, IMF, OHCHR, UN Regional Commissions, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNDESA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHABITAT, UNHCR, UNODC, UNRWA, WFP, WMO, other international organizations such as World Bank and Regional Development Banks, and bilateral donors (e.g. Germany, UK, Finland, EU), global fundsand International NGOs (ICSW, HAI, SCF...) • OECD-POVNET

22. Global coordination and support – National Action • Country level: Joint SPF Taskforce (government, social partners, social security institutions, UN agencies, NGOs, donors, etc. ) Joint SPF Taskforce Government, social partners, UN agencies, NGOs etc. Support • Global level: Coordination of UN agencies (ILO, WHO, UNICEF, UNDESA, UNAIDS …), donors, international NGOs, Govts, social partners which set up a Global Technical Advisory Network Global Technical Advisory Network

23. FINLAND / Development cooperation: Strong support to UN normative role/processes UN CSocD (Commission for Social Development) Feb-2010 Social Protection Floor SDAN: Social Development Advisers’ Network Special Rapporteur on Rights of People with Disabilities + Book + Global Partnership on Disability and Dev’t (GPDD) 3) UN Human Rights Council / Independent Expert on Extreme Poverty + ICHRP Social Pensions and Human Rights CCTs and HR, Crisis/SP/HR

24. Finland – Development cooperation • Multilateral support to SP innovation work by • One-UN Social Protection Floor Initiative (SPF-I) • ILODW/SP in Central Asia • UNICEF + WFP + UNFPA + UNDP • WB (TFESSD, incl. WB-SP and Disability)

25. Finland – Development cooperation • Active role in ‘brokering’ SP Agenda Development in… • OECD-POVNET • Policy Guidance on SP and PPG 2009 • Measuring SP in ODA statistics 2010 (user: povnet; pass: dacpovnet) • Joint Donor Learning Events on SP (Train4Dev) 2010 • Global Social Protection Floor 2011-12 • EU: European Development Report 2010 on SP in SSA Dec10  Communication/Conclusions on SP 2011? • AU/EU Strategic Partnership on Migr/Empl/SP 30.6.-2.7. Dakar

26. Finland – Development cooperation • CSOs: • ICSW (International Council for Social Welfare) + IFSW (Int’l Federation of Social Workers) + IASSW (Int’l Association of Schools of Social Work  Joint Conference Hong Kong 10-15 June, 2010 • World Conference on Universal Social Security, Brazil, 12/10 • World Social Security Forum, ISSA, Cape Town 12/10 • IDS-Centre for Social Protection Conference on SP for Social Justice 13-15 April, 2011

27. CONGRATULATIONS to ICSW, IFSW and IASSW - None of this will succeed without committed and competent PROFESSIONALS of CARE !! - Key challenges, therefore:  Rights of Care Workers  Human Rights to Care  Economics of Care