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PSOCOPTERA (booklice, bark lice)

HEMIPTEROID ORDERS. PSOCOPTERA (booklice, bark lice). PHTHIRAPTERA (lice). THYSANOPTERA (thrips). Entognatha. Archaeognatha. Hexapoda. Zygentoma = Thysanura. Ephemeroptera. Insecta. Odonata. Plecoptera. Embiodea. Pterygota. Zoraptera. Dermaptera. Grylloblattodea. ?.

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PSOCOPTERA (booklice, bark lice)

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  1. HEMIPTEROID ORDERS PSOCOPTERA (booklice, bark lice) PHTHIRAPTERA (lice) THYSANOPTERA (thrips)

  2. Entognatha Archaeognatha Hexapoda Zygentoma = Thysanura Ephemeroptera Insecta Odonata Plecoptera Embiodea Pterygota Zoraptera Dermaptera Grylloblattodea ? Mantophasmatodea Orthoptera Phasmatodea Blattaria Isoptera Mantodea Neoptera Psocoptera Phthiraptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Rhaphidioptera Megaloptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Holometabola Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera Strepsiptera Apterygotes Trichoptera Lepidoptera Paleoptera Hemimetabolous Holometabolous

  3. Plecoptera Zoraptera Embiodea Dermaptera Grylloblattodea Mantophasmatodea Polyneoptera Phasmida Orthoptera Mantodea Isoptera Blattaria Psocoptera Neoptera Phthiraptera Paraneoptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Rhaphidioptera Neuropterida Megaloptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera ? Panorpida Strepsiptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera

  4. General features of the Paraneoptera 1. Cerci are lost 2. Abdominal ganglia are fused into one large ganglion 3. Asymmetrical mandibles

  5. HEMIPTEROID CLASSIFICATION Parasitic Phthiraptera - lice Mandibles present Lacinia - a rod Free living Psocoptera - book lice Sucking mouthparts Thysanoptera - thrips Right mandible lost Mandibles + lacinia = stylets Hemiptera- true bugs Both mandibles modified

  6. Other Psocoptera – bark lice Psocoptera Liposcelidae– book lice Amblycera Ischinocera Phthiraptera – true lice Rhynchophthirina Anopleura Thysanoptera - thrips Sternorrhyncha Auchenorrhyncha Hemiptera detritus/microbial Coleorrhyncha Plants Heteroptera- true bugs Parasites/blood Predatory

  7. Hexapod Orders Psocoptera Psoco - gnaw, ptera - wings Number of Species 4400 Common names Book lice, bark lice Typical habitats leaf litter, under stones, under bark • only modification of mouthparts • Lacinia is a rod Distinguishing characteristics -eat any organic material -damage stored material - books, specimens Other features

  8. Psocoptera – Mouthparts Cardo Stipes Palp Lacinia Galea

  9. Psocoptera – Mouthparts Cardo Stipes Palp Lacinia Galea

  10. Sitophore Plate/Sclerite

  11. Psocoptera - Bark Lice

  12. Psocoptera - Damage

  13. Hexapod Orders Phthiraptera Phthir - louse, aptera - wingless Number of Species 5,500 Common names Lice Typical habitats Ectoparasites of birds and mammals Distinguishing characteristics -wingless -modified fore tarsi Other features Reduced sense organs -sucking & biting forms

  14. Classification of lice Classification schemes have been: Order - Mallophaga - biting and chewing lice Order - Siphunculata - sucking lice • Order - Phthiraptera • Suborder - Mallophaga • Suborder - Siphunculata • Order - Phthiraptera • Suborder - Amblycera • Suborder - Ischnocera • Suborder - Anoplura • Suborder - Rhynchophthirina

  15. Classification of lice • Order - Phthiraptera • Suborder - Amblycera • Suborder - Ischnocera • Suborder - Anoplura • Suborder - Rhynchophthirina Amblycera Ischinocera Phthiraptera – true lice Rhynchophthirina Anopleura

  16. Classification of lice Biting/chewing lice Elephant lice Sucking lice

  17. Amblycera and Ischnocera

  18. Anoplura

  19. Rhychnophthirina

  20. Life cycle of human head louse Female lays eggs for 16 days - dies Female lays eggs 2 days after mating Larval louse hatches in 6-7 days Mating Adult Second instar (2 days) Fourth instar (10 days) Third instar (5 days)

  21. Host Specificity Bird hosts Mammal hosts Rhynchophthirina Ischnocera Amblycera

  22. Among the more famous Anoplura Phthirus pubis -crab lice

  23. Among the more famous Anoplura Head and body lice - Pediculus humanus

  24. Lice Infestation

  25. Hexapod Orders Thysanoptera Thysano - fringed, ptera - wing Number of Species 4500 Common names Thrips Typical habitats Vegetation (flowers) Distinguishing characteristics -fringed wings - no right mandible Other features -haploid/diploid

  26. Thysanoptera Mouthparts a. Labrum b. Mandible c. Food canal d. Maxilla e. Hypopharynx f. Salivary canal g. Labium

  27. Thysanoptera - wings

  28. Thysanoptera - Life cycle Eggs laid on plants (2-4 days) Adult PLANT 30 – 45 days lays up to 450 eggs 2 larval instars (1-4 days) Prepupa (1-2 days) Pupa (1-3) days SOIL

  29. Thysanoptera - Plant Damage

  30. Sociality among thrips Solitary Colonial Subsocial Eusocial No interactions Share nest sites, communal foraging and egg guarding Separate castes Kladothrips

  31. Sociality among thrips Why? 1. Thrips aggregate in similar areas 2. Thrips have haploid-diploid sex determination Convergent evolution with Hymenoptera - males are from unfertilized eggs (N) - females from fertilized eggs (2n)

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