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Rethinking Post-School Education in Refracted Economies for the Fourth Industrial Revolution

This article explores innovative approaches to post-school education systems in light of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). It examines emerging work areas, the evolving meanings of work for young individuals, and the implications of various economic models—skilled, unskilled, entrepreneurial, and more. The necessity for educational reforms that foster cognitive, ICT, and relational skills is emphasized. Additionally, it advocates for the reimagining of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges as innovation hubs that can address social disparities and contribute to sustainable economies.

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Rethinking Post-School Education in Refracted Economies for the Fourth Industrial Revolution

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  1. Refracted economies: New thinking for PSET beyond the focus on skills and entrepreneurshipSharlene Swartz | 17 September 2019

  2. Education in 4IR • What's coming down the line? • What new areas of work are on the horizon especially with the growth of the fourth industrial revolution? • How should the post school education system respond? • What meaning do young people attribute to work, and how do they see the future? • How do we address uneven starting points?

  3. Economies • Skilled/Unskilled • Entrepreneurial • Formal/Informal • Knowledge • Private/Public • Professional • Artisanal • Gig • Sustainable

  4. Current Refracted Economies

  5. Current Refracted Economies

  6. TypesCharacteristics of Each Refracted Economy • Skilled --------------------Semi-Skilled ------------------- Unskilled • Entrepreneurial (Innovate) --------Business As Usual (Imitate) • Formal -------------------------------------------------------- Informal • Knowledge ---------------------------------------------------- Physical • Private -----------------------------Third Sector -------------- Public • Professional ------------------------------------------------- Artisanal • Individual ---------------------------------------------------- Collective • Permanent ------------------------------------------------------------Gig • New ----------------------------------------------------------Traditional • Sustainable ------------------------------------------------------ Limited

  7. Education in the 4IR • Skills in the school system to focus on: • Cognitive skills; ICT Skills; Relational skills (empathy, creativity, innovation, social skills, managing complexity, socio-technical analysis AND Imagination • Mainline new theory and innovations from the South • Reimagine TVET colleges as hubs of innovation in refracted economies • A sectoral analysis x economies’ characteristics along a continuum x tech innovations = deeper thinking & strategies beyond a focus on entrepreneurship and skills

  8. TVET hubs Current Refracted Economies innovation skills imagination decolonisation

  9. TVET hubs Current Refracted Economies innovation skills imagination decolonisation

  10. TVET hubs Current Refracted Economies innovation skills imagination decolonisation

  11. Refracted economies: New thinking for PSET beyond the focus on skills and entrepreneurshipSharlene Swartz | 17 September 2019

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