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SEM Analysis of Wire from Aging Test #7 at Duke University

SEM Analysis of Wire from Aging Test #7 at Duke University. Jack Fowler. Module Test Layout. Duke Wire Samples Analyzed. Xe-CO 2 gas volume Wire 14 – Production wire with glass joint Xe-CF 4 -CO 2 gas volume Wire 19 - Production wire with glass encapsulated joint

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SEM Analysis of Wire from Aging Test #7 at Duke University

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  1. SEM Analysis of Wire from Aging Test #7 atDuke University Jack Fowler

  2. Module Test Layout Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  3. Duke Wire Samples Analyzed • Xe-CO2 gas volume • Wire 14 – Production wire with glass joint • Xe-CF4-CO2 gas volume • Wire 19 - Production wire with glass encapsulated joint • Wire 20 - Production wire with polyimide joint • Wire 22 - Production wire with no joint • Wire 23 - Production wire with PEEK joint • Wire 31 – Pre-series wire with no wire joint • None of the wires shown were cleaned prior to installation into chamber Wire analysis Performed at Analytical Instrumentation Facility at North Carolina State University Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  4. Wire 14 Glass Wire Joint • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 • Current - 14.8 A • Charge ~ 2.5 to 3.0 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Light deposits of Na and Cl Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  5. Wire 19 Glass Encapsulated Wire joint • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Current - 16.6 A • Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Few deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  6. Wire 20 Polyimide Wire Joint • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • No visible change Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  7. Wire 14 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 • Glass Wire Joint • Current - 14.8 A • Charge ~ 2.5 to 3.0 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • No deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  8. Wire 14 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 • Glass Wire Joint • Current - 14.8 A • Charge ~ 2.5 to 3.0 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  9. Wire 14 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 • Glass Wire Joint • Current - 14.8 A • Charge ~ 2.5 to 3.0 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Fine Deposits are Na and Cl Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  10. Wire 19 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Glass Encap Wire Joint • Current - 16.6 A • Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores • Gold etching and removal Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  11. Wire 19 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Glass Encap Wire Joint • Current - 16.6 A • Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores • Gold etching and removal • Notice the loss of surface definition and grain boundaries Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  12. Wire 19 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Glass Encap Wire Joint • Current - 16.6 A • Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores • Gold etching and removal Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  13. Wire 19 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Glass Encap Wire Joint • Current - 16.6 A • Charge ~ 2.4 to 2.9 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores • Gold etching and removal Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  14. Wire 20 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr Large pores • Gold etching and removal Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  15. Wire 20 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores • Gold etching and removal • Again loss of surface definition Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  16. Wire 20 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Area show at 2 kV beam energy Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  17. Wire 20 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Surface is covered with deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  18. Wire 20 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Pores in surface • Faint grain boundaries still present • Deposits are mainly Au Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  19. Wire 20 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Discolored region near wire joint ~700 m Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  20. Wire 20 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Here is the section where the transition occurs Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  21. Wire 20 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Very heavy gold damage • This affect was seen on both sides of the wire joint. Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  22. Wire 22 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • No Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores • Notice large regions where it appears that gold surface is uneven, possibly islands removed Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  23. Wire 22 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • No Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores • All surfaces appear in the same condition Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  24. Wire 22 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • No Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores and islands Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  25. Wire 22 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • No Wire Joint • Current - 15.4 A • Charge ~ 2.3 to 2.7 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  26. Wire 23 Segment 3 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • PEEK Wire Joint • Current - 7.4 A • Charge ~ 0.8 to 1.0C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Fine deposits • Grain definition is reduced Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  27. Wire 23 Segment 3 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • PEEK Wire Joint • Current - 7.4 A • Charge ~ 0.8 to 1.0C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Fine deposits • Grain definition is reduced Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  28. Wire 23 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • PEEK Wire Joint • Current - 7.4 A • Charge ~ 0.8 to 1.0C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Fine deposits • Grain definition is reduced Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  29. Wire 23 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • PEEK Wire Joint • Current - 7.4 A • Charge ~ 0.8 to 1.0C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Fine deposits • Grain definition is reduced Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  30. Wire 31 Segment 4 • Wire - thin plated preseries • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Current - 8.9 A • Charge ~ 1.2 to 1.5 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Large pores • Heavy gold damage Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  31. Wire 31 Segment 7 • Wire - thin plated preseries • This region was visibly darkened during removal • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Current - 8.9 A • Charge ~ 1.2 to 1.5 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Small deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  32. Wire 31 Segment 7 • Wire - thin plated preseries • This region was visibly darkened during removal • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Current - 8.9 A • Charge ~ 1.2 to 1.5 C/cm • Exposed Time ~ 1680 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~ 15cc/hr • Small deposits of F Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  33. IU Wire Samples Analyzed • Xe-CO2 gas volume • Wire 2 – Production wire with polyimide joint • Xe-CF4-CO2 gas volume • Wire 18 - Production wire with no joint • Wire 19 - Production wire with polyimide joint • Wire 39 - Production wire with polyimide joint • None of the wires shown were cleaned prior to installation into chamber Wire analysis Performed at Analytical Instrumentation Facility at North Carolina State University Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  34. IU Wire 2 Segment 1 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.4 A • Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • C deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  35. IU Wire 2 Segment 1 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.4 A • Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • C deposits and Pores • Fine white deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  36. IU Wire 2 Segment 4 • Gas Volume – Xe-CO2 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.4 A • Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • C deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  37. IU Wire 2 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.4 A • Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Few pores • Good surface grain definition Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  38. IU Wire 2 Segment 7 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.4 A • Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • More C deposits than in earlier segments Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  39. IU Wire 2 Segment 7 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.4 A • Charge ~ 3.3 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • More C deposits than in earlier segments • Loss of grain definition from segment 4 Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  40. IU Wire 18 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • No Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 2.4 C/cm • Exposed Time – 408 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Large C deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  41. IU Wire 18 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • No Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 2.4 C/cm • Exposed Time – 408 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Large C deposits • Some large pores Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  42. IU Wire 18 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • No Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 2.4 C/cm • Exposed Time – 408 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Some loss of grain definition Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  43. IU Wire 19 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 4.0 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • C deposits • Some small pores • Surface is smoother than wire 18 Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  44. IU Wire 19 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 4.0 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Slight decrease in grain definition • Some small pores Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  45. IU Wire 19 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~4.0 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Surface has many small C deposits • Some porosity Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  46. IU Wire 19 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 4.0 C/cm • Exposed Time – 672 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Small pores around grain boundaries • Some porosity Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  47. IU Wire 39 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 4.9 C/cm • Exposed Time – 816 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Surface smooth in appearance • Many large C deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  48. IU Wire 39 Segment 4 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 4.9 C/cm • Exposed Time – 816 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Many C deposits • Loss of grain definition Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  49. IU Wire 39 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 4.9 C/cm • Exposed Time – 816 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Surface smooth in appearance • Large C deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

  50. IU Wire 39 Segment 5 • Gas Volume - Xe-CO2 -CF4 • Polyimide Wire Joint • Current – 1.7A • Charge ~ 4.9 C/cm • Exposed Time – 816 hrs • Target Flow Rate ~15 cc/hr • Surface is smoother • Less grain definition • C deposits Jack Fowler, Duke HEP

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