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Eko B. Hardiyanto

ACIAR Project FST/2004/058 - Realising genetic gains in Indonesia and Australia plantations through water and nutrient management. Eko B. Hardiyanto. Background.

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Eko B. Hardiyanto

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  1. ACIAR Project FST/2004/058 - Realising genetic gains in Indonesia and Australia plantations through water and nutrient management Eko B. Hardiyanto

  2. Background • Acacia plantations (now more than 700,000 ha) are already a major contributor to the Indonesian economy and will increasingly supply wood demand for pulpmill and furniture industries • Outgrower scheme of acacia plantation has also been developed • In Australia an acacia plantation has been set up with a potential size of 75,000 ha in Tiwi Island • Substantial genetic improvements in growth and form of Acacia mangium have been achieved through tree breeding.

  3. Background (continued) • Among the key factors affecting the realisation of genetic gain are water and nutrient management • The project aims to improve the profitability and sustainability of acacia plantation in Indonesia and Australia, expanding the involvement of and benefits to small-holder farmers.

  4. Objectives • To quantify the role of site edaphic properties and phosphorus in realising gains from deployment of genetic gain across sites, and to develop appropriate management strategies for maximising productivity and economic value • To develop a capacity to predict potential productivity of Acaciamangium in relation to site factors in Indonesia and Australia • To evaluate economic benefits of improved management in outgrower schemes • To develop practical tools to support improved management.

  5. Project findings • The project was started in September 2006 • 11 sites ranging from low to high productivity have been identified and are used for establishing experimental plots • Acacia productivity has significant correlation with soil phosphorus (phosphate retention index and total phosphorus); these will be used for development of phosphorus indices of availability

  6. Priorities for further research • Continuation of genetic improvement, putting more attention on wood quality, not only focusing on growth and form • Site management and productivity studies to identify impact of management on the long-term productivity of plantation • Quantification of key physiological and morphological traits of improved genetic material as the basis for modelling potential and real gains under a number of climatic and management scenarios • Quantification of nitrogen fixation and cycling in Acacia mangium plantation, and the impacts of external factors such as soil phosphorus availability on the nitrogen cycling.

  7. Priorities for further research (continued) • Identification of the possibility of nitrogen fixation is a limiting factor for genetically improved material, which may start to place heavier demands on the nitrogen supply capacity of the system • Development model for nitrogen demand and supply • Identification and quantification of other potential limiting factors for plantation productivity such as availability of potassium • Silvicultural and economic studies on sawlog plantation of acacia.

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