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4.2 – Naming and Writing Formulas for More Complex Numbers

Period 6 Group 6. 4.2 – Naming and Writing Formulas for More Complex Numbers. Introduction to Nomenclature (II). Common Polyatomic Ions Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Naming Acids Based on its Anions Common Acids Writing Formulas/Names with Given Information. Common Polyatomic Ions.

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4.2 – Naming and Writing Formulas for More Complex Numbers

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  1. Period 6 Group 6 4.2 – Naming and Writing Formulas for More Complex Numbers

  2. Introduction to Nomenclature (II) Common Polyatomic Ions Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Naming Acids Based on its Anions Common Acids Writing Formulas/Names with Given Information

  3. Common Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic ion: An ion consisting of two or more atoms bound together (a binary compound only consists of two elements) • Example/Question 1: What is special about the polyatomic ions such as hydroxide, peroxide, and cyanide compared to the other common polyatomic ions? • Answer: They are the only ones with an –ide ending.

  4. Common Polyatomic Ions • Oxyanion: A polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom & one or more atoms of at least one other element. • Common polyatomic ions must be memorized. • Use the suffix –ite (smaller # of oxygen atoms) or –ate (larger # of oxygen atoms) when there are two members in an oxyanion series. • Use the prefixes hypo- (less than) and per- (more than) when more than two oxyanions make up a series.

  5. Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions • To name compounds with polyatomic ions, polyatomic ions must be recognized by its composition and charge. • When a metal is present that forms more than one cation, a Roman numeral is required. • Parentheses are used to enclose the ion and a subscript is written after the closing parenthesis. • Example/Question 2: What must we add to specify the cation charge of the metal in ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions? • Answer: We must add a Roman numeral.

  6. Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

  7. Naming Acids Based on its Anions Example/Question 4: What are the rules to naming acids based on its anion composition? Answer: The rules to naming acids if the anion doesn’t contain oxygen, is the acid is named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic. When the anion contains oxygen, the acid name is formed from the root name of the central element of the anion or the anion name with a suffix of –ic or –ous. Use –ic when the anion name ends in –ate or use –ite when the anion name ends in –ite. *Refer to the orange box on the left for more information. Example/Question 3: If the anion name ends in –ite, what is the suffix used in the acid name? Answer: The suffix used in the acid name would be –ic.

  8. Common Acids Acid: A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a proton donor.

  9. Common Acids Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen HF – hydrofluoric acid HCl – hydrochloric acid HBr – hydrobromic acid HI – hydroiodic acid HCN – hydrocyanic acid H2S – hydrosulfuric acid Note: All of the names of acids that don’t have oxygen have the prefix hydro-

  10. Common Acids Acids That Do Contain Oxygen • HNO3 – nitric acid • HNO2 – nitrous acid • H2SO4 – sulfuric acid • H2SO3 – sulfurous acid • H3PO4 – phosphorus acid • HC2H3O2 – acetic acid *Common acids must be memorized.

  11. Writing Formulas/Names with Given Information • Learn the following: (for each of the common polyatomic ions) • name • composition • charge • These all must be learned in order to write the formula for a given name or to write the name for a given formula.

  12. Writing Formulas/Names with Given Information • Example/Question 5- Write the formula for iodine dihydrogen phosphate. • Given info: name • Iodine = I- • Dihydrogen phosphate = H2PO4- • I- + H2PO4- • = IH2PO4

  13. Quiz! (: • 1. What is the difference between a binary compound and an ionic compound containing polyatomic ions? • 2. What do we add when more than one polyatomic ion appears in a chemical formula? • 3. What is the prefix & suffix attached to the root name for the element, if the anion doesn’t contain oxygen? • 4. What do the acids names that do not contain oxygen all have in common? • 5. What is the name for Ti(NO3)3?

  14. Quiz Answers 1. An ionic compound containing polyatomic ions contains more than 2 elements. 2. We add parentheses to enclose the ion and a subscript after the closing parenthesis. 3. The prefix is hydro- and the suffix is –ic. 4. They all have the prefix hydro-. 5. The name is titanium nitrate.

  15. References • http://professorchemistry.com/store/image/2uco9/CD_ROMS_WRITING_CHEMICAL_FORMULAS_POLYATOMIC_IONS.jpg • http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/chemical-nomenclature/images/polyions.jpg • http://www.chemcool.com/referencetables/tableE5.jpg • http://www.ucc.edu/NR/rdonlyres/141FB85E-841F-452C-9C24-1FA43CF9A342/0/ChemistryNamingCompounds3.pdf • http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/woc_07/secured/resources/applications/ebook/index.jsp • http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/Chemical/imgche/comacid.gif • Microsoft PowerPoint Clip Art

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