Introduction to MATLAB

1. Introduction to MATLAB EE-589 Introduction to Neural Networks

2. History of MATLAB • Ancestral software to MATLAB • Fortran subroutines for solving linear (LINPACK) and eigenvalue (EISPACK) problems • Developed primarily by Cleve Moler in the 1970’s

3. History of MATLAB, con’t: 2 • The Mathworks, Inc. was created in 1984 • The Mathworks is now responsible for development, sale, and support for MATLAB • The Mathworks is located in Natick, MA • The Mathworks is an employer that hires co-ops through our co-op program

4. MATLAB GUI • Launch Pad / Toolbox • Workspace • Current Directory • Command History • Command Window

5. Launch Pad / Toolbox • Will not be covered • Launch Pad allows you to start help/demos • Toolbox is for use with specialized packages (Signal Processing)

6. Workspace • Allows access to data • Area of memory managed through the Command Window • Shows Name, Size (in elements), Number of Bytes and Type of Variable

7. Current Directory • MATLAB, like Windows or UNIX, has a current directory • MATLAB functions can be called from any directory • Your programs (to be discussed later) are only available if the current directory is the one that they exist in

8. Command History • Allows access to the commands used during this session, and possibly previous sessions • Clicking and dragging to the Command window allows you to re-execute previous commands

9. Command Window • Probably the most important part of the GUI • Allows you to input the commands that will create variables, modify variables and even (later) execute scripts and functions you program yourself.

10. Save • save – saves workspace variables on disk • save filename stores all workspace variables in the current directory in filename.mat • save filename var1 var2 ... saves only the specified workspace variables in filename.mat. Use the * wildcard to save only those variables that match the specified pattern.

11. Clear • clear removes items from workspace, freeing up system memory • Examples of syntax: • clear • clear name • clear name1 name2 name3 ...

12. clc • Not quite clear • clc clears only the command window, and has no effect on variables in the workspace.

13. Load • load - loads workspace variables from disk • Examples of Syntax: • load • load filename • load filename X Y Z

14. The presence or lack of a semi-colon after a MATLAB command does not generate an error of any kind • The presence of a semi-colon tells MATLAB to suppress the screen output of the command

15. The lack of a semi-colon will make MATLAB output the result of the command you entered • One of these options is not necessarily better than the other

16. Declaring a variable, con’t: 3 • You may now use the simple integer or float that you used like a normal number (though internally it is treated like a 1 by 1 matrix) • Possible operations: • +, -, / • Many functions (round(), ceil(), floor())

17. Declaring a variable, con’t: 4 • You may also make a vector rather simply • The syntax is to set a variable name equal to some numbers, which are surrounded by brackets and separated by either spaces or commas • Ex. A = [1 2 3 4 5]; • Or A = [1,2,3,4,5];

18. Declaring a variable, con’t: 5 • You may also declare a variable in a general fashion much more quickly • Ex. A = 1:1:10 • The first 1 would indicate the number to begin counting at • The second 1 would be the increase each time • And the count would end at 10

19. Declaring a variable, con’t: 6 • Matrices are the primary variable type for MATLAB • Matrices are declared similar to the declaration of a vector • Begin with a variable name, and set it equal to a set of numbers, surrounded by brackets. Each number should be seperated by a comma or semi-colon

20. Declaring a variable, con’t: 7 • The semi-colons in a matrix declaration indicate where the row would end • Ex. A = [ 1,2;3,4] would create a matrix that looks like [ 1 2 3 4 ]

21. Everything is matrix

22. Matrix index

23. Manipulate matrices

24. Manipulate matrices

26. Script or function? • Scripts are m-files containing MATLAB statements • Functions are like any other m-file, but they accept arguments • It is always recommended to name function file the same as the function name

27. Try to code in matrix ways

28. Script m-files

29. mesh

30. x=[ -10:1:10]; y = [-10:4:10]; [x, y] = meshgrid(x,y); z = x.^2 + y.^2; mesh(x,y,z); title('Mesh Ornek 3'); ylabel('Y Ekseni'); xlabel('X Ekseni'); zlabel('Z Eksen');

32. Plotting • Several types of plots available • Plot • Polar • Bar • Hist

33. Color options • Color options: • Yellow - ‘y’ • Magenta - ‘m’ • Cyan - ‘c’ • Red - ‘r’ • Green - ‘g’ • Blue - ‘b’ • White - ‘w’ • Black - ‘k’ • Example: • plot(temp, ‘y’);

34. Line options • Line styles: • - solid line (default) • -- dashed line • : dotted line • -. dash-dot line

35. Marker Options • + - plus sign • o - circle • * - asterisk • . - Point • x - cross • s - square • d - diamond • ^ - upward pointing triangle • v - downward pointing triangle • > - right pointing triangle • < - left pointing triangle • p - five-pointed star (pentagram) • h - six-pointed star (hexagram)

36. Plot() (from MATLAB help) • Linear 2-D plot • Syntax: • plot(Y) • plot(X1,Y1,...) • plot(X1,Y1,LineSpec,...) • plot(...,'PropertyName',PropertyValue,...) • h = plot(...)

37. Plot() con’t: 2 • MATLAB defaults to plotting a blue line between points • Other options exist: • Different color lines • Different types of lines • No line at all!

38. Example angle = linspace(0, 2*pi, 360); x = cos(angle); y = sin(angle); plot(x,y); % it draws a circle axis('equal'); ylabel('y'); xlabel('x'); title('Pretty Circle') ; grid on

40. Polar() • Plot polar coordinates • Syntax: • polar(theta,rho) • polar(theta,rho,LineSpec) • Theta – Angle counterclockwise from the 3 o’clock position • Rho – Distance from the origin

41. Polar() con’t: 2 • Line color, style and markings apply as they did in the example with Plot(). t = 0:.01:2*pi; polar(t,sin(2*t).*cos(2*t),'--r')

42. Bar() • Creates a bar graph • Syntax • bar(Y) • bar(x,Y) • bar(...,width) • bar(...,'style') • bar(...,LineSpec)

43. Bar example subplot(3,1,1), bar(rand(10,5),'stacked'), colormap(cool) subplot(3,1,2),bar(0:.25:1,rand(5),1) subplot(3,1,3),bar(rand(2,3),.75,'grouped')

44. Hist() • Creates a histogram plot • Syntax: • n = hist(Y) • n = hist(Y,x) • n = hist(Y,nbins) Example x = -4:0.1:4; y = randn(10000,1); hist(y,x)

45. Pie x=[.19 .22 .41 .18]; pie(x) explode = zeros(size(x)); h = pie(x, explode); textObjs = findobj(h, 'Type', 'text'); oldStr = get(textObjs, {'String'}); val = get(textObjs, {'Extent'}); oldExt = cat(1, val{:}); Names = {'P1: '; 'P2: '; 'P3: '; 'P4: '}; newStr = strcat(Names, oldStr); set (textObjs, {'String'}, newStr)

46. End Another satisfied MATLAB user!