Log 301 Advanced Logistics Management

1. Log 301 Advanced Logistics Management

2. Overview MODULE 1 • Definition of “Logistics” • Historical Examples of Military Logistics • Principles of Logistics • The Four Logistics Processes

3. KEY TERMS • Supply Chain • Logistics • Responsiveness • Attainability • Simplicity • Flexibility • Economy • Sustainability • Survivability • Procurement • Distribution • Sustainment • Disposition

4. Key Terms • Effective • Reliable • Maintainable • Supportable • Interoperable

5. What is Logistics? Let’s first examine a civilian definition—then one unique to the military

6. Supply Chain • Supply chain — The linked activities associated with providing materiel from a raw materiel stage to an end user as a finished product. Factory Supplier Dealer Customer Information Funds

7. Business Definition “Logistics is that part of supply chain management • . . .that plans, creates and monitors • . . .the efficient, cost-effective flow • . . .and storage of goods, semi-finished items and manufactured products • . . .as well as related information between the • point of origin and the point of consumption • . . .in order to meet customers‘ requirements…” (Source: Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, 2007)

8. Logistics –A military perspective “The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces.”

9. OPERATION BARBAROSSA (WWII German Invasion of Russia) ONE REASON FOR FAILURE: Germans forces could not be moved or maintained

10. What are some of the differences between the military and a civilian company ? Because of these differences, what else should the military definition of “logistics” include?

11. Possible Answers • Broader scope of mission (for example: military operates hospitals as well as vehicle maintenance) • End goal is different – Measure “Readiness”, not profit

12. Military Logistics “In its most comprehensive sense, those aspects of military operations which deal with: • Design and development (procurement) • Storage • Movement • Distribution • Maintenance • Disposition of materiel • Evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel • Construction, maintenance, operation, of facilities • procurement or furnishing of services . . . . ”

13. Units Personnel Supply Strategic Operational Tactical Logistics.. at the national level . . . Logistics provides the foundation of combat power and can be described as a bridge connecting a nation’s economy to its warfighting forces. NATION’S ECONOMY MILITARY FORCES Plan Implement LOGISTICS MOVEMENT AND DEPLOYMENT EFFORTS SUSTAINMENT EFFORTS

14. Logistics Impact on Military Operations in Afghanistan • How can coalition forces be resupplied? • Lack of Seaports • Mountainous terrain “Sea-Van” - 20 foot container

15. Logistics Solutions critical to Operations in Afghanistan Kyber Pass

16. Normandy – World War II Logistics critical to the invasion of Europe

17. Supplying War – Normandy Beaches

18. Dien Bien Phu French Logistics shortages led to defeat “Good logistics alone can't win a war. Bad logistics alone can lose it.”

19. Logistics effects in the Iran-Iraq War(Saddām's Qādisiyyah ) Iranian inability to resupply fighting forces decreased effectiveness and changed operational tactics.

20. GROUP QUESTIONS • At the start, it appeared the Iraqi Air Force was no match for the Iranian Air Force. Over time why was Iran unable to use their air force to give them a big advantage in the conflict? • 2. How were Iranian tactics changed due to the impact of logistics • 3. How did logistics help…or hurt Iraq during this conflict?

21. Principles of Logistics The following logistic principles are not a checklist, but a guide for analytical thinking and prudent planning: Simplicity Attainability Flexibility PRINCIPLES OF LOGISTICS Responsiveness Economy Survivability Sustainability

22. Principles of Logistics • Responsiveness • Right support in the right place at the right time • Keystone of the logistic principles, for all else becomes irrelevant if the logistic system cannot support the concept of operations of the supported commander • EXAMPLE: Logistics Support to the Iranian Military was unresponsive during the Iraq-Iran war

23. Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami(RESPONSIVENESS)

24. Principles of Logistics • Attainability • Ability to provide the minimum essential supplies and services required to begin combat operations • EXAMPLE: Logistics Build-Up prior to landing on Normandy beaches during WWII

25. Principles of Logistics • Simplicity • Avoidance of complexity and enhancement of efficiency in both the planning and execution of logistic operations • As the different models, types, and configurations of vehicles is increased, logistics becomes more complex and expensive

26. Principles of Logistics • Flexibility • Ability to adapt logistic structures and procedures to changing situations, missions, and concepts of operations • Logistics plans and operations must be flexible to achieve both responsiveness and economy • The US efforts to provide logistics to units in Afghanistan are hampered by a lack of good roads making extensive airdrops necessary

27. Principles of Logistics • Economy • Provision of support at the least cost • EXAMPLE: It is important to return assets for repair if it is more cost effective than simply throwing the asset away and purchasing a replacement.

28. Principles of Logistics • Sustainability • Ability to maintain and continue logistic support to all users throughout the area of operations for the duration of the mission • Considered the most difficult task because it entails resupplying the combat forces throughout the entire area of operations • EXAMPLE: The French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu because they could not sustain their operations

29. Principles of Logistics • Survivability • Capacity of the organization to prevail in the face of potential destruction • Must include a plan for defense of logistic installations with provisions for reinforcement and fire support • EXAMPLE: The US is developing a northern supply route into Afghanistan to avoid the dangers of convoying through Taliban controlled areas of Pakistan

30. Northern Distribution Route – Example of Survivability Route 1 Route 3 Route 2 Route 4 Pakistan Route

31. “Responsiveness” is the primary principle The five “rights” - - - the simplest definition of “logistics” • Supply the right product at the right place at the right time in the right condition for the right cost to the customer.

32. CASE STUDIES

33. Principles of Logistics CASE STUDY 1 • Iran-Iraq War • Iran had problems resupplying parts • Tanks requiring only minor repair were abandoned • Possessed tanks were poorly suited to operating conditions – created even more logistics requirements

34. Iran-Iraq War CASE STUDY 2 • Iraq seems carefully considered the logistic implications of a war with Iraq well before the fighting actually started. • The Iraqis also did their best to maintain a logistic pipeline.

35. NATO Operations in Afghanistan CASE STUDY 3 Airdrop of Afghan Supplies • Not “economic” • Not “simple” Why is this method an option?

36. Military Logistics(Review) “….. those aspects of military operations which deal with: • Design and development (procurement) • Storage • Movement • Distribution • Maintenance • Disposition of materiel • Evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel • Construction, maintenance, operation, of facilities • Procurement or furnishing of services . . . . ”

37. The Four Logistics Processes

38. Introduction to Procurement Goal is to purchase systems that are: • Affordable • Consider more than purchase price • Effective • Operates when and where needed • Reliable • How often is it ready vs. broke? • Maintainable • If broken how hard is it to fix? • Supportable • Required parts, support equipment, training • Interoperable • Will it work with other systems?

39. Purchase Cost vs. Operations and Support Cost • Purchase Price: Approximately 22.8B IQD • Operations and Support Cost Estimate: Approximately 1.1B IQD …each year Mi-17E Helicopter

40. Introduction to “Distribution” “Process of the logistics system to deliver the right things to the right place and right time.”

41. What does “Distribution” contribute to the fight? “يد واحدة لا تصفق (One hand cannot clap)” Logistics may not be as glamorous as operations….a slow moving convoy of trucks may not seem as exciting as a charging tank column……. …….However, “Logistics” is an important and inseparable part of military operations. Distribution facilitates movement, fire and sustaining of the combat forces along time and space.

42. Introduction to “Sustainment” • “Provision of logistics required to maintain and prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment.” • Ensure the force is ready to fight; keep the force in the field (endurance) • Maintenance • Supply • Logistics Services

43. Sustainment—Planning Factors • Level and duration • Capable of expansion • Surge • Deploy • Robustness

44. Introduction to “Disposition” The challenge—conserve the greatest amount of value for the Iraq Security Forces for items no longer required because of damage, wear out, or obsolescence

45. Disposition—Options for Surplus Items • Convert to other use • Store for future use • Sell to allied customers • Sell to general public • Scrap • “Demilitarization” Required in some cases

46. Example of Retired Weapon System • M110 Self Propelled Howitzer • Replaced by Modern Technology • Expensive to Operate • Gun barrels from retired M110s used • as outer casing for GBU-28 • Sales to other countries

47. Logistics –Review of Module 1 • “The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces.” • Importance of logistics in military operations • Principles of logistics • Four logistics processes

48. KEY TERMS • Supply Chain • Logistics • Responsiveness • Attainability • Simplicity • Flexibility • Economy • Sustainability • Survivability • Procurement • Distribution • Sustainment • Disposition

49. Key Terms • Effective • Reliable • Maintainable • Supportable • Interoperable