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Understanding Plant Classification and Identification Keys

Learn about the major plant divisions, from nonvascular to vascular plants. Discover how plants are grouped based on taxonomy and characteristics, and how to use plant identification keys effectively. Explore the differences between Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Pterophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. Understand the unique features of Mosses, Liverworts, and other non-vascular plants compared to Vascular Plants like Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. Study the anatomy of plants, including vascular tissue like xylem and phloem. Enhance your knowledge of plant taxonomy and identification methods.

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Understanding Plant Classification and Identification Keys

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  1. How do we classify and group plants? • What are the major divisions? • How are they grouped and classified? • How do you use a plant identification key?

  2. Plant Taxonomy • Nonvascular Plants- have small reduced leaves, no vascular tissue( veins) no true roots, and reproduce by spores or flagellated cells that travel through water.

  3. Vascular Plants- have true roots, stems, and leaves with vascular tissue. Xylem- water and minerals. Phloem- transports carbohydrates

  4. Plant Divisions • nonvascular Bryophyta- mosses • vascular seedless Lycophyta-club moss Pterophyta-Ferns seed plants Gymnosperms-naked seeds Angiosperms-flowering plants

  5. Gymnosperm Coniferophyta- needle or scale leaf, cones ( conifer) Anthophyta or Angiosperm Monocots- parallel veins, petals in 3’s Dicots- net veins, petals in 4’s or 5’s

  6. Bryotphytes Mosses

  7. Moses • Non-vascular Plants- No tissues to carry water • Spores used for reproduction • No true roots, stem • Reduced leaves

  8. Liverworts

  9. sporophyte Mosses gametophyte

  10. sporophyte gametophyte

  11. In mosses the dominant stage of their life cycle they only have half of their total chromosme number.

  12. Spore Producing • Spores are reproductive stages that have only half the chromosomes or genetic material.

  13. VASCULAR PLANTS

  14. Lycopodium, Lycophyta

  15. Pterophyta Ferns- reproduce with spores but have veins to carry water

  16. Gymnosperms Naked seeds or seeds produced in cones.

  17. Angiosperms or Anthophyta • Flowering plants • Seeds produced within a fleshy fruit with gametes borne within a flower.

  18. Antheridium Archegonium

  19. Liliacea

  20. Taxonomy key\identification key • You always have two choices in a description of the organisms characteristic • Choose the correct choice and it takes you to a name or a number.

  21. dicot

  22. monocot

  23. Opposite Leaf arrangement

  24. Alternate leaf arrangement

  25. Botany • Tissues, Organs, and Systems

  26. Vascular Tissue Xylem (wood) trachieds and vessel elements make up xylem. They are nonliving tubes with openings at the ends to carry water .

  27. Transport in Vascular Plants • Water and minerals begin movement by osmosis. through root and root hair

  28. capillary action in xylem vessel element Adhesion-water vessel wall Cohesion- water to water Transport in Plants cont.

  29. Transpiration- water moves out through stoma in the leaf. closed H2O

  30. Turgor Loss of Turgor

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