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The Social Effects of the Great Depression: The Rise of Urban Shantytowns and Tent Cities

The Great Depression led to significant social changes across urban and rural areas, with a notable rise in shantytowns, often termed "Hoovervilles," as homelessness surged following widespread foreclosures. Advocates documented the growing number of encampments, particularly in cities like Reno, Nevada, as people sought shelter in makeshift homes. This period also witnessed the emergence of soup kitchens, breadlines, and makeshift jobs as communities struggled. The impact on minorities intensified, increasing racial tensions and economic disparities. The Dust Bowl further worsened conditions, leading to mass migrations in search of better opportunities.

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The Social Effects of the Great Depression: The Rise of Urban Shantytowns and Tent Cities

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  1. Social Effects • Urban areas • Shantytowns (“Hoovervilles”) • Metal, tarpaper, crates, boxes, car bodies

  2. In hard times, tent cities rise across the country: Since foreclosure mess, homeless advocates report rise in encampments September 2008: Homeless encampments are springing up around the country, including this one next to the homeless shelter in downtown Reno, Nev.

  3. Tent cities following Haiti earthquake, 2010

  4. No direct relief • Instead, soup kitchens and breadlines • Apple selling / pencil selling • “Relief gardens”

  5. Unemployed vying for jobs

  6. Rural areas • Advantage in depressions lost • Dust Bowl • Grassland plowed up, then “exhausted” • Drought, then wind storms • “Okies” exodus along Rt. 66 to California

  7. The Hottest Month • The hottest months in U.S. history have all been Julys. • The hottest month in U.S. history came during the Dust Bowl in July 1936. • National average temperature was 77 degrees • In 2011, New York City’s average temperature was 82 degrees – a new record.

  8. http://phomul.canalblog.com/archives/bourke_white__margaret/index.htmlhttp://phomul.canalblog.com/archives/bourke_white__margaret/index.html

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqnMrynpq9U

  10. Impact on Minorities • African-Americans • Even higher unemployment % • Increase in racial violence • “Scottsboro boys” • Mexican-Americans / Asian-Americans • Targets of hostility • Deportations, even for native born

  11. Families • Men • Most visible • Searching for work, rise of the hobo • Women • Suffering in silence • Targets of resentment, especially if married • Children • Malnutrition, less school • Psychological effects • Suicides, mental illness rose

  12. General summary of Great Depresssion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfylLnHjcu0 Stop at 4:30

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