OVERTURE

1. OVERTURE

2. TO THE “OLDS” IN THE ROOM “NEVER UNDERESTIMATE THE PLASURE WE FEEL WHEN HEARING SOMETHING ALREADY KNOWN” Enrico FERMI

3. HERA HAS BEEN CLOSED,LHC IS BEING OPENING(NEAR PAST AND NEAR FUTURE OF PARTICLE PHYSICS) Carlos García Canal Universidad Nacional de La Plata II LAWHEP

4. PARTICLE PHYSICS: NEAR PAST AND NEAR FUTURE . GENERAL ACCOUNT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF THE RECENTLY CLOSED DESY-HAMBURG HERA ACCELERATOR. . PRESENTATION OF THE PHYSICS EXPECTED TO BE REVEALED BY THE LHC-CERN ACCELERATOR BEGINNING TO DELIVER DATA IN LESS THAN A YEAR. . ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THIS INFORMATION ON THE THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS.

5. PARTICLE PHYSICS 29.300 FROM M. MANGANO

6. ON JUNE 30, 2007, DATA TAKING AT THE ELECTRON-PROTON STORAGE RING HERA AT DESY WILL COME TO AN END: FOR 15 YEARS THE PARTICLE PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS AT HERA HAVE PROVIDED A UNIQUE AND DETAILED PICTURE OF THE PROTON AND THE INTERACTING FORCESSAID PROF. ROLF-DIETER HEUER, RESEARCH DIRECTOR AT DESY GENEVA, 22 JUNE 2007: SPEAKING AT THE 142nd SESSION OF THE CERN COUNCIL TODAY, THE ORGANIZATION´S DIRECTOR GENERAL ROBERT AYMAR ANNOUNCED THAT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER (LHC) WILL START UP IN MAY 2008, TAKING THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS STUDYING PHYSICS AT A NEW HIGH-ENERGY FRONTIER

7. TODAY – PHYSICS - TODAY FUNDAMENTAL SYMMETRIES

8. EINSTEIN 1905: SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY WIGNER DIXIT: EINSTEIN´S WORK MARKS THE INVERSION OF A TENDENCY, FORMERLY THE INVARIANCE PRINCIPLES WERE OBTAINED FROM THE LAWS OF MOVEMENT. NOW IT IS NATURAL FOR US TO OBTAIN THE LAWS OF NATURE AND PROVE THEIR VALIDITY BY MEANS OF THE INVARIANCE LAWS.

9. GAUGE SYMMETRY ENGINE OF THE PRESENT DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS UNIFICATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES

12. STANDARD MODEL ´T HOOFT DIXIT: “TEMPORARY SOLUTION TO NEARLY A CENTURY OF QUESTIONS”

13. GAUGE FIELD THEORY (QCD) (EW) + MECANISMO DE HIGGS . ONE OF THE GREATEST SUCCESS OF PHYSICS . COMPRISES PRACTICALLY ALL THAT IS KNOWN OF THE SUBATOMIC WORLD IN A CONCISE SET OF PRINCIPLES AND EQUATIONS. . EXCEEDED EXPERIMENTAL TESTS IN ENERGY RANGES VERY DISTANT FROM THE ONES INCLUDED IN ITS ORIGINAL DESIGN

14. CHARACTERS 1st. GENERATION

15. COUPLING CONSTANTS

16. IS NOT COMPLETE !!! . AESTHETICAL DEFICIENCIES . PHENOMENA NOT INCLUDED CAUSE OF THE SYMMETRY BREAKING ? GAUGE INTERACTIONS UNIFY ? GRAVITY ? DARK MATTER ? DARK ENERGY ? SOMETHING ELSE ? …

17. COLLIDERS BEAMS OF ACCELERATED IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS COLLIDE FRONTALLY ELECTRONS and / or PROTONS

18. ELECTRON COLLIDER ELECTRONS ARE “ELEMENTARY” WELL DEFINED INITIAL STATE SMALL SMALL SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INITIAL BREMSSTRAHLUNG WELL KNOWN

19. STANDARD MODEL MACHINE Zº PHYSICS MASS WIDTH COUPLING Zº TO FERMIONS ASYMMETRIES LEPTON UNIVERSALITY WEIBERG ANGLE

20. FAMILY PICTURE

21. CROSS SECTION DIVERGES ANOTHER DIAGRAMM Zº TO CURE!

22. PROTON COLLIDER (TEVATRON) SYNCHROTRON RADIATION NOT IMPORTANT CROSS SECTION LARGE MANY EVENTS PROTON HAS COMPONENTS (COLLISION AMONG COMPONENTS SHARING THE PROTON MOMENTUM) Ex: DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION PARTON-PARTON CROSS SECTION MOMENTUM FRACTION

24. TEVATRON • ACCESS TO THE PHYSICS OF THE STANDARD MODEL • B PHYSICS • QCD • ELECTROWEAK • HIGGS SEARCH • W MASS WITH GREATER PRECISION • PRODUCTION OF WW AND WZ PAIRS • QCD WITH PHOTONS • JETS • PHYSICS OF THE TOP • CP VIOLATION IN B • CABBIBO-KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX

25. ELECTRON AND PROTON COLLIDERS COMPLEMENTARY PROVIDE “CLEAN” EXPERIMENTS (STANDARD MODEL) (PRECISION) PROVIDE ENOUGH ENERGY FOR DISCOVERIES (POTENTIALITY)

26. ELECTRON - PROTON COLLIDER HERA ELECTROWEAK PROBE TO ANALYSE THE PROTON STRUCTURE

31. “RESOLVING POWER” SCATTERING OF A LEPTON BY A PROTON (AT HIGH ENOUGH ) ELASTIC SCATTERING OF THE LEPTON BY A POINTLIKE CONSTITUENT (INCOHERENT) OF THE PROTON (PARTON) (SIZE RESOLVED IN THE PROTON)

33. EMISION AND ABSORTION OF GLUONS MEASURED AT PROVIDES EVOLUTION IN

34. BINDED SEA

35. 2 Q LARGER MORE PARTONS INVOLVED WITH LOWER x

36. FUNCTIONS OF VALENCE RADIATIVELY CREATED SEA

37. SLAC 1970

38. PROTON STRUCTURE FUNCTION

39. VALENCE QUARKS EXCELENT MEASUREMENTS OF ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS IN DIS LINEAR GROWING (NEGATIVE CHARGE)

40. DOMINANT LINEAR GROWING SLOPE = INTERSECTION PROTON [AT LARGE RESOLUTION ( )] HAS VALENCE STRUCTURE

41. WEAKNESS OF WEAK AND SLOW FASTER

42. UNIFICATION AT A LARGE MOMENTUM TRANSFER, THE CROSS SECTIONS OF CHARGED (W) AND NEUTRAL (PHOTON + Z) CURRENTS ARE EQUAL THE ELECTROMAGNETIC AND WEAK FORCES HAVE THE SAME INTENSITY!!!

43. W BOSONS ARE LEFTISTS!!! CC CROSS SECTION AS A FUNCTION OF and POLARIZATION

44. QUARKS POINTLIKE

45. 10% OF DIS EVENTS !!!

47. IMPACT OF HERA IN LHC . DISTRIBUTION OF PARTONS MEASURED IN HERA FUNDAMENTAL FOR EVENT PREDICTIONS IN LHC . DIFRACTION IN HERA (GAPS) ALLOW TO QUANTIFY RESCATTERING IN LHC

48. EXPLORES AN ENERGY SCALE (and d) TOTALLY NEW OBJECTIVES HIGGS SEARCH NEW PHYSICS SEARCH SUPERSYMMETRY EXTRA DIMENSIONS “SEARCH” OF WHAT IS NOT SEARCHED !