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Freud’s Theory

Freud’s Theory. Unconscious. The most important determinant of behavior Psychic determinism Mental processes that we are unaware of Created by experience, especially in childhood, through repression Includes Forgotten traumatic memories Denied wishes and / or desires

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Freud’s Theory

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  1. Freud’s Theory

  2. Unconscious • The most important determinant of behavior • Psychic determinism • Mental processes that we are unaware of • Created by experience, especially in childhood, through repression • Includes • Forgotten traumatic memories • Denied wishes and / or desires • Provides motivation for behavior • Libido • Instincts

  3. Characteristics of Instincts • Source • All psychic energy is derived from biological processes in some part or organ of the body (need or desire) • Pressure (impetus) • The instincts force or motivation to act • High when not satisfied, low when met • Aim • Gratification of need in order to preserve homeostasis • Imbalance creates tension • Pleasure is produced when tension is reduced • Object • The person or thing in the world that satisfies the need

  4. Manifestations of the Unconscious • Physical Symptoms • Somatic Illnesses • Psychosis • Dreams • “the interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious mind”

  5. Manifestations of the Unconscious • Dreams • Manifest content • Latent content • Dream Work • Unconscious system • Wishes emerge from here • Preconscious censorship system • Prevents wishes from entering consciousness as is • Displacement • alters appearance of wish to not clash w/ conscious ethical standards • Condensation (compression) • symbol may represent many things • Dream Interpretation

  6. Manifestations of the Unconscious • Parapraxes (Freudian Slips) • Misstatements • Errors of: • Memory • Hearing • Action • Losing or misplacing objects

  7. Manifestations of the Unconscious • Humor • Safe expression of repressed conflict • Relief of tension • Also uses condensation like dreams • The Jew joke

  8. Structure of Personality • Id • Present at birth • Part of the Unconscious • Primitive and the source of biological drives • Immediate gratification of wishes (pleasure principle) • Functions according to the purely instinctive and unsocialized primary process • Inflexible • Cannot delay gratification • Cannot adapt and learn as a result • Left unbridled, Freud believed it would destroy us • If all human needs were met instantly, the psyche would never develop past here

  9. Structure of Personality • Id • The source of psychic energy (libido) • Motivation of all aspects of personality derived from this • Two kinds of psychic energy • Eros (life instinct) • Motivates life-maintaining behaviors and love • Thanatos (death instinct) • Destructive force directing us inevitably toward death

  10. Structure of Personality • Ego • The rational and coping part of personality • Differentiated part of the id that has become specialized • Operates in the service of the id and Has no needs of Its own • Mostly conscious • Accurately understands reality and can adapt to the constraints of the real world (reality principle) • Can delay gratification and plan (secondary process) • Decides if the id’s demands and instincts are to be immediately satisfied, postponed, or delayed • Brings unity to the personality and is in touch with the real world • Described as the “helpless rider of the id horse”

  11. Structure of Personality • Super Ego • Emerges from the ego • The internal representation of rules and restrictions of family and society • “the civilizing force that tames our savage nature” • Part of the unconscious • Presents us with the “ego ideal” (what we would like to be) • Generates guilt & shame when we act contrary to it’s rules • Conscience • Considered by Freud to be “archaic” • Based on childhood rules and doesn’t adapt to the adult world

  12. Oral Stage • Birth – 1 year • Autoerotic activity centers on mouth • Sucking and biting • Needs are met w/o effort • Omnipotence • Mother begins to become love object

  13. Oral Stage • Weaning is major conflict • Fixation • Oral-passive personality • Dependent on others • Retain interest in oral gratifications i.e. eating, drinking and smoking • Oral-aggressive personality • Distrustful, demanding, and manipulative • Life-long desire to bite things • Tendency toward verbal aggression, argumentativeness, and sarcasm

  14. Anal Stage • Ages 1 - 3 • Pleasure center shifts to anus • Potty training is major conflict • Can bring pleasure and relief by holding and releasing appropriately • Ultimate approval from the love object (mother) • Can create tension by releasing inappropriately • Ultimate disapproval

  15. Anal Stage • Ego develops during this time • Fixation • Anal retentive personality • Clean, perfectionist, dictatorial, stubborn, stingy • Anal expulsive personality • Sloppy, disorganized, cruel, destructive, generous to a fault

  16. Phallic Stage • Ages 3 – 6 • Pleasure area moves to genitals • Oedipus Complex • Possession of love object • Competition w/ father • Castration anxiety • Identification • Electra Complex • Mother is initial love object • Penis envy • inferiority • Mother devalued and Father becomes love object • Identification • Child is eventual penis substitute

  17. Phallic Stage • Fixation • Phallic Personalities • Boy • Rejected by mother and threatened by father • Poor self worth sexually resulting in: - withdrawal from heterosexual interaction - overcompensation by being “ladies man” • Favored by mother over weaker father • Narcissistic • Effeminate • Homosexual

  18. Phallic Stage • Fixation • Phallic Personalities • Girls • Rejected by father and threatened by mother • Wall flower • Hyper-feminine • Favored by father w/ mother in servant role • Vain and self-centered • Masculine (penis envy has influence here) Masculinity complex

  19. Phallic Stage • Super ego develops • Personality in place

  20. Latency Stage • Ages 6 – 12 • Sexual impulses dormant • As much biological as natural progression

  21. Genital Period • Adolescence • Resurgence of sex drive • Opposite sex love object • Culmination of development of libido • Genital personality • Full development w/o problems

  22. Defense Mechanisms • 3 Types of Anxiety • Realistic Anxiety • Fear (external threats) • Moral Anxiety • Shame, guilt, fear of punishment (internal) • Super Ego • Neurotic Anxiety • Feeling out of control! About to lose it! • Id impulses begin to intrude in conscious • Neurosis and Personality Disorders

  23. Defense Mechanisms • Repression • Denial • Asceticism • Isolation (Intellectualization) • Displacement • Turning against self • Projection • Altruistic Surrender • Reaction Formation • Undoing • Introjection (Identification) • Identification w/ aggressor • Regression • Rationalization • Sublimation

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