Chapter 12 Ecosystems Mr. McCloskey College Bound Biology

1. Chapter 12 EcosystemsMr. McCloskeyCollege Bound Biology

2. The State of Our World • Population: 6,446,131,400 and increasing rapidly. • Global warming • Habitat destruction • Species extinction • Ozone depletion

3. Ecology and Ecosystems • Ecology = The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with their physical environment.

4. Ecology and Ecosystems • Community = The organisms that live in a particular place, such as a stream.

5. Ecology and Ecosystems • Ecologists = The scientists who specialize in ecology. • Salary : $36,384 - $66,108.

6. Ecology and Ecosystems • Habitat = The physical location of a community.

7. Ecology and Ecosystems • Ecosystem = The self-sustaining collection of organisms and their physical environment.

8. Ecology and Ecosystems • Diversity = The number of species living in an ecosystem and how common each species is. • 10 Crayfish 2 Mayflies • 5 dragonflies 1 Black fly

9. Why Study Ecology? To prevent pollution Conserve resources Help your children

10. Why Study Ecology? • Ecosystems are very complex. • They could contain hundreds or thousands of interacting species.

11. Why Study Ecology? • Understanding ecosystems by asking 2 questions. • #1 Where does the energy for organisms come from? • #2 Where do minerals and inorganic substances come from for organisms?

12. Why Study Ecology? • So what happens to an ecosystem if one organism where to be removed? (Lets say the crayfish)

13. Energy in Ecosystems • Producers = The organisms that take in energy from their surroundings and store it in complex molecules. • Plants • Algae • Bacteria

14. Energy in Ecosystems Consumers = Organisms that obtain their energy by consuming other organisms. Animals Protists Fungi Bacteria

15. Energy in Ecosystems • Decomposers = Organisms that obtain energy by consuming organic wastes (feces, urine, dead plants and animals) • Fungi • Bacteria

16. The Food Chain

17. Energy in Ecosystems • Trophic Level = A group of organisms whose energy sources are the same number of steps away from the sun.

18. Energy in Ecosystems • Autotrophs = Plants and other organisms that make their own food.

19. Energy in Ecosystems • Herbivores = Are plant eaters. • Usually found in the second trophic level.

20. Energy in Ecosystems • Carnivores = Flesh eaters • Usually found in the third trophic level or above.

21. Energy in Ecosystems • Omnivores = organisms that eat both plants and animals.

22. Energy in Ecosystems • Heterotrophs = Organisms living in trophic levels above the first trophic level (above the autotrophs).

23. Energy in Ecosystems • Food web = The movement of energy through an ecosystem in a complex network of feeding relationships. • Notice the arrows show the flow of energy, not who is eating who.

24. Ecological Pyramid • This shows the loss of overall energy from one trophic level to the next. • Also, think about the numbers of each organism.