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Photosynthesis & Respiration

Explore the properties and factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis and respiration, including light quality, intensity, duration, carbon dioxide levels, temperature, water availability, and plant development. Understand the light and dark reactions, energy transfer, and the different pathways in photosynthesis. Learn about the absorption, translocation, and assimilation of water in plants.

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Photosynthesis & Respiration

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  1. Photosynthesis & Respiration Chapters 11 & 12

  2. Properties of Photosynthesis CO2 H20 + H20 CH0 + O2

  3. Factors Affecting the Rate • Light Quality • Light Intensity • Light duration • Carbon Dioxide • Temperature • Water Availability • Plant Development

  4. Photophosphorylation 12 H2O 6O2 + 24 H+ + 24e- Overall Light reaction equation

  5. Photophosphorylation 12 NADP+ +12 H2O 12 NADPH + 12 H+ + 12 O Oxidized form Reduced form NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DI NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE

  6. Photophosphorylation Stage 1 – Light reaction The light reaction: have the chlorophyll use light energy to split water to release an e- to start the process. - To get an NADPH (an electron carrier) Light Energy H2O +ADP + Pi + NADP+ATP + NADPH + ChlorophyllH+ + ½ O2 NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DI NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE This sequence represents the transfer of four electrons from water to two molecules of NADPHalso during this step the conversion of ADP to ATP

  7. Photosynthesis Overview of Photosynthesis and Respiration

  8. Photophosphorylation ADP + P ATP Adenosine Triphosphate

  9. Photophosphorylation 12 NADP + 24 e- + 12 H+ + 12ADP + 12P 12ATP + 12 NADPH Overall energy equation

  10. Review 24e- 12 H2O 6O2 + 24 H+ + 1.____ 12 2._____ +12 H2O 12 NADPH + 12 H+ + 12 O NADP+ ADP + P 3. ___ ATP 12 NADP + 24 e- + 12 H+ 12ADP + 12P 4. _______________ 12ATP + 12 NADPH

  11. Photosynthesis Light-Dependent and Light Independent Reactions

  12. Stage 2 – Dark reaction Using the energy of energy carriers ATP and NADPH, CO2 can be coaxed into carbohydrates - this step is sometimes referred to as the dark reaction of photosynthesis.

  13. Carbon Dioxide – CO2 Water – H2O Light Energy Calvin Cycle Light Reactions Oxygen – O2 Glucose C6H12O6

  14. What Happens to the Glucose? Glycolysis, the anaerobic breakdown of glucose. enzymes Glucose + 2ATP  2 pyruvic acid + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 12H2O *occurs in the cytoplasm of the plant cell The 2NADH release 6 ATPs

  15. What Happens to the Pyruvic Acids? The Pyruvic acids Go through Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle mitocondria 2 pyruvic acid 8 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATPs and 6CO2 Then in the mitochondria the 8 NADH + 2 FADH2 is converted to: • one NADH releases 3 ATP for a total of 24 ATP • one FADH2 releases 2 ATP for a total of 4 ATP (don’t forget those from glycolysis) 38 Total ATP released per glucose molecule?

  16. The Dark Reaction can take one of three different paths.

  17. Path 1 C3 Plant–called this because the first carbon compound formed has three carbon atoms the most common type : commonly referred to as CALVIN CYCLE 6CO2 + 12 NADPH2 + 18ATP  C6H1206 + 12NADP + 18ADP + 18Pi + 6H2O

  18. Path 2 C4 Plant – they’re first carbon compound has four carbon atoms. They can use CO2 more efficiently and thus grow faster. Corn, sugar cane, Crabgrass, Johnson grass, Bermuda grass, pigweed, purslane.

  19. Path 3 CAM – Crassulacean Acid Metabolism allows the plant to store CO2 the plants in the cactus, orchid and bromeliad families.

  20. Comparison PhotosynthesisRespiration Requires CO2 and H20 O2 and C6H12O6 Produces O2 andC6H12O6CO2 and H20 Energy Stores energyReleases energy Occurs in the Light onlyLight and Dark presence of Only inChlorophyll All living cellscontaining cellsrespire

  21. PhotosynthesisRespiration Source of electrons Hydrogen Hydrogen from H20from C6H12O6 Use of ATP & ATP and NADPHATP and NADPHused for sugar NADPHplant for Synthesisfunctions (stored) (immediate use)

  22. Absorption Translocation & Assimilation Of all the water taken in by the plant only about 1-5% of the water is utilized for photosynthesis. Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant primarily through the stomates in the leaf. • Absorption Will take place in the roots through the root hair and around the root hair Water is taken in and transported to other parts through the xylem.

  23. Minerals are dissolved in solution and are transported into the xylem tissues this process is called , active transport. This process requires energy.

  24. Water movement Accomplished by transpiration, adhesion, cohesion and tension. Adhesion is the attraction of water various materials. Water wants to surround things Cohesion is the attraction water has towards itself Tension is a pulling force exerted onto the xylem. So water is lost through transpiration from the leaf and the loss pulls the water from the adjacent cell and so on and so on.

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