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Measurement of Atmospheric Muons and Cosmic Rays by BESS Collaboration

The BESS collaboration presented key measurements of fundamental data in astroparticle physics, focusing on primary cosmic rays, antiprotons, protons, helium, and atmospheric muons. This includes data collected during balloon floating, ascending, and ground-based observations. Highlights of the findings include high-statistics measurements, growth curves related to hadronic interactions, and the need for extended data collection in balloon and atmospheric experiments. These measurements are crucial for understanding cosmic ray composition and behavior, aiding advancements in neutrino physics and particle astrophysics.

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Measurement of Atmospheric Muons and Cosmic Rays by BESS Collaboration

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  1. COSPAR2002 HOUSTON, TX, USA, 16/10/02 Fundamental Data in Astroparticle Physics from C.R. Measurement with BESS T.Sanuki U.Tokyo for the BESS Collaboration

  2. Contents • Primary cosmic rays • Antiproton • Proton • Helium • Atmospheric muons • During floating • During ascending • On the ground • Summary

  3. Primary cosmic rays

  4. BESS @37km high Q<0 Q>0 Sensitive Precise Small sys. error “High” statistics

  5. Q<0 (anti-proton) “High” statistics BESS-Polar (Yoshida)

  6. Q>0 p & He DF/F < 5% for p 10% for He BESS, AMS Completely independent !

  7. BESS AMS Proton Atm. Neutrinos observed @Super-K

  8. p Atmospheric n & m p @ floating altitude g During ascending e Need to measure air shower development m nm ne On the ground M.C. By Kasahara

  9. Atmospheric muons

  10. During Balloon Floating • “Thin” target ~ 5g/cm2 Sensitive to hadronic interaction model

  11. During Balloon Ascending • Flux vs Residual air / Growth curve 800 ~ 5g/cm2 Indirect measurement of atmospheric n production

  12. On the Ground • High statistics • Infinite data taking time • Infinite batteries • Small systematic error • Stable conditions (temperature …) Calibration of atm. n calculation

  13. During Balloon Floating

  14. CAPRICE98 BESS98 EGS HKKM 1.0 GeV/c 1.5 GeV/c 2.5 GeV/c 3.9 GeV/c 6.3 GeV/c During Balloon Ascending m+ m- Flux [(m2 sr sec GeV/c)-1] Residual Air [g/cm2]

  15. BESS2001Balloon Flight 1000 Residual Air [g/cm2] 5 ~ 30 g cm-2 / 14 hours 100 • Hadronic interactions • Growth curve 30 10 5 Time [hour]

  16. Atm. m growth curve Coming Soon! After Coffee Break!! COSPAR02-A-01186;PSB1-0056-02 K., ABE; THE BESS COLLABORATION “Measurement of atmospheric muons with BESS”

  17. On the Ground Observed flux : Mountain > Highlands > Sea level m decay n production

  18. BESS Flux vs new HKKM Tsukuba (30m a.s.l.), Japan by M.Honda 5% Preliminary

  19. Summary BESS has measured • Primary cosmic-ray • Antiproton • Proton • Helium • Atmospheric muons • During floating • During ascending • On the ground Ex) neutrino physics

  20. Summary (contd.) We need both • Balloon experiments • Atmospheric secondaries • Space experiments • Long data-taking time

  21. COBE/BOOMERANG/…

  22. BESS/AMS/…

  23. Thank you!

  24. BESS Flux vs new HKKM Mt. Norikura (2770m a.s.l.), Japan by M.Honda 5% Preliminary

  25. BESS Flux vs new HKKM Lynn Lake (360m a.s.l.), Canada by M.Honda 5% Preliminary

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