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Understanding the Kingdom Fungi: Structure, Reproduction, Ecology, and Common Diseases

This chapter explores the fascinating world of fungi, highlighting their eukaryotic nature, heterotrophic feeding through external digestion, and key structural elements like hyphae and mycelium. It covers the different classifications of fungi, including Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota, along with their reproductive mechanisms. The chapter also delves into the ecological roles of fungi in nutrient cycling and their important symbiotic relationships. Common fungal diseases such as ringworm and athlete’s foot are examined, providing insights into their causes, symptoms, and treatments.

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Understanding the Kingdom Fungi: Structure, Reproduction, Ecology, and Common Diseases

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  1. Chapter 21Fungi Honors Biology Spring 2009

  2. Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic- external digestion/absorption • Saprobe- obtain food from decaying matter • Cell walls- chitin • Mostly multicellular

  3. Structure of Fungi • Hyphae- tiny filaments • Mycelium- many hyphae together; makes “body” • Fruiting body- reproductive structure

  4. PAGE 528 Fruiting body Hyphae Mycelium

  5. Fungi Reproduction • Asexual- • Hyphae breaks • Haploid spores • Sexual- • Gametangium- structure that forms gametes

  6. Classification of Fungi • Zygomycota • Common molds • Example- black bread mold

  7. Classification of Fungi • Ascomycota • Sac fungi • Includes yeasts and some mushrooms

  8. Classification of Fungi • Basidiomycota • Club fungi • Most mushrooms

  9. Classification of Fungi • Deuteromycota • Imperfect fungi (lack sexual reproduction) • Includes Penicillium

  10. Anatomy of a Mushroom • Mushroom Dissection Lab • Objective: To be able to identify the main components of a mushroom • Pileus (cap) • Scales • Lamellae (gills), • Stipe (stem or stalk) • Annulus (ring)

  11. Fungi Ecology • Helped plants colonize land • Recycle nutrients and stabilize soil • Decomposers • Symbiotic relationships • Parasites and diseases

  12. Lichens Mycorrhizae Symbiotic Relationships

  13. Common Fungal Diseases • Mycosis- general term describing fungal infections • Superficial • Cutaneous • Subcutaneous • Systemic

  14. Ringworm • Increased fungal growth– warm, moist environment • Scaling, flaking, itching, “ring” pattern • Occur on body, legs, arms, feet, scalp…

  15. Athlete’s foot • Increased fungal growth– warm, moist environment • Scaling, flaking, itching • Antifungal cream

  16. Yeast Infection • Overgrowth of yeast • Redness, itching, soreness, white discharge • Occur in mouth, throat, genitals • Oral antifungal medication and probiotics

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