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PERSIAN PERIOD 539-334 BC

PERSIAN PERIOD 539-334 BC. YHD Coin 333 BC First Coin from Jerusalem Material: Silver Silver: ¼ inch in Diameter. I. Synopsis of this Period II. Scriptural synopsis of this Period III. Persia in scripture IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era:

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PERSIAN PERIOD 539-334 BC

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  1. PERSIAN PERIOD539-334 BC

  2. YHD Coin 333 BC First Coin from Jerusalem Material: Silver Silver: ¼ inch in Diameter

  3. I. Synopsis of this Period • II. Scriptural synopsis of this Period • III. Persia in scripture • IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • A. The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Nabonidus • His own inscription of his deeds (ANET, pg. 308) • Was a fanatic of the moon god, Sin. • Was despised by the Priests of Marduk and the people of Babylon • His last days as King and first days as POW

  4. Nabonidus cylinder with prayer for himself and son Belshazzar

  5. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • A. The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Nabonidus • Cyrus the Great • Biblical References • Daniel 1:21; 6:28; 10:1 • 2 Chronicles 36:22-23; Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5 • Isaiah 41:2-3, 25-26; 45:13; 46:11

  6. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • A. The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Nabonidus • Cyrus the Great • Biblical References • Controversy over Biblical references to Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II) • Hard to accept • Rabbis of the Talmudic age

  7. Cyrus the Great • Biblical References • Controversy over Biblical references to Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II) • Possible solutions to this controversy • Extra-Biblical References • Cyrus Cylinder:

  8. Cyrus Cylinder

  9. Cyrus the Great • Biblical References • Controversy over Biblical references to Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II) • Possible solutions to this controversy • Extra-Biblical References • Cyrus Cylinder: • An inscribed brick of Uruk • Herodotus: • Xenophon, a disciple of Socrates: • Aeschylus Greek soldier and playwright: • Ctesias, Greek Physician of Artaxerxes II.

  10. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • A. The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Nabonidus • Cyrus the Great • Biblical References • Controversy over Biblical references to Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II) • Possible solutions to this controversy • Extra-Biblical References • The Capture of Babylon • The Return of the Jews

  11. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • A. The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Nabonidus • Cyrus the Great • Cambyses • Darius I • Name • Biblical References • Extra-Biblical References

  12. The Behistun “Place of the God” Darius I 520 BC, Esther 1:21-22

  13. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • A. The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Nabonidus • Cyrus the Great • Cambyses • Darius I • Name • Biblical References • Extra-Biblical References • Battle of Marathon

  14. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • A. The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Nabonidus • Cyrus the Great • Cambyses • Darius I • Xerxes

  15. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • A. The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Nabonidus • Cyrus the Great • Cambyses • Darius I • Xerxes • Name • Biblical Refernences • Extra Biblical References

  16. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • A. The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Nabonidus • Cyrus the Great • Cambyses • Darius I • Xerxes • Name • Biblical Refernences • Extra Biblical References • The Man • His Campaigns of War

  17. THERMOPYLAE “Hot Gates”

  18. Goat Pass to Thermopylae

  19. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Jews in Judea in the fourth century. • Textual Evidence • Archaeological Evidence

  20. IV. Discussion on the Persians and Persian Era: • The Collapse of Babylon and rise of Persia. • Jews in Judea in the fourth century. • Textual Evidence • Archaeological Evidence • The return of Exiles to Judah and the Rebuilding of the Temple. • Symptoms of the disintegration of the Persian empire:

  21. THE ELEPHANTINE LETTERS

  22. WALL OF NEHEMIAH Escavated by Kathleen Kenyon

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