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COMENIUS PROJECT

COMENIUS PROJECT. “ Y OUTH WITHOUT BORDERS – TEEN A GE MIGR A TION IN EU R OPE”. L A WS AND REGUL A TIONS ON IMMIG R A TION IN THE S E VEN P AR TICI P A TING C OUNTRIES. C OMENIUS P R OJE C T. “ Y OUTH WITHOUT BORDER S - TEEN A GE MIG R A TION IN EU R OPE”.

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COMENIUS PROJECT

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  1. COMENIUS PROJECT “YOUTHWITHOUTBORDERS– TEENAGEMIGRATIONINEUROPE” LAWSANDREGULATIONSONIMMIGRATION INTHESEVENPARTICIPATINGCOUNTRIES

  2. COMENIUS PROJECT “YOUTHWITHOUT BORDERS- TEENAGE MIGRATION IN EUROPE” LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON IMMIGRATION INTHE SEVEN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

  3. Germanlegislationonimmigration 1

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  5. Access to Education ARTTCLE-89 1-Anapplicantorabeneficiaryofinternationalprotectionandhisor herfamilymembersshallhaveaccesstoprimaryandsecondaryedu- cation services. Access to SocialAssistance and services ARTTCLE-90 1-Anapplicantorabeneficiaryofinternationalprotectionshallhave access to social assistance and services if they are needy Pocket Money ARTTCLE-94 1-ExceptthosewhofallunderthescopeofArticles72and79ofthis Law,anapplicantwhoisidentifiedasbeinginneed,maybeprovided with a pocket money in accordance with procedures and principles determinedbytheMinistryuponapprovaloftheMinistryofFinance. Temporary Protection ARTTCLE-96 Temporaryprotectionmaybeprovidedtoforeignerswhohavebeen forcedtoleavetheircountryandcannotreturntothecountrytheyleft, havearrivedatorcrossedthebordersofTurkeyinmassesseeking emergency and temporary protection. Proceedingstobefollowedonreceptioninto,stayin,rightsandob- ligationsin,exitfromTurkeyofsuchpersons,alongwithmeasures to betakenagainstmassmovementsaswellascooperationandcoordi- nationamongnationalandinternationalinstitutionsandorganizations, designationofpowersanddutiesofinstitutionsandorganizationsthat willfunctionatthecentralorprovinciallevel,shallbegovernedbya regulation to be issued by the Council of Ministers. 3

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  7. Ontopofthathe/sheisnotallowedtohaveanypreviousconvictions. Therearethefollowingalternativesforanimmigranttogetasettle- ment permit, for example, if he/ she. I) 2) 3) 4) . invests I.000.000 € in Germany. . provides I0 new jobs in Germany. . is highly qualified. . is in possession of the EU Blue Card. The EUBlue Card: CitizensofcountriesthatarenotmembersoftheEUcanacquirethe EUBlueCardthatislimitedto4years,andcanliveinGermanyif theyhaveanapprovedgraduatedegreeandearnatleast46.400€per year. In so-called understaffed occupations (engineer, doctor, math- ematician),theacquirersoftheEUBlueCardhavetoearnatleast 36.I92 € per year. German Citizenship TherequirementtogetthecitizenshipofGermanyisavalidresidence permit.Moreover,thepersonhastoliveatleast8yearsinGermany. Theimmigranthastobeabletopayhislivingcostsonhis/herown andhe/sheneedstohaveenoughknowledgeoftheGermanlanguage. Inaddition,onehastomakeanoathtothedemocraticsystemandpass the naturalisation test. 5

  8. Oursources: I) http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/EinreiseUndAufenthalt/ Zuwanderungsrecht_node.html http://www.aufenthaltstitel.de/stichwort/zuwg.html http://www.bluecard-eu.de/blaue-karte-eu-deutschland/ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaue_Karte_EU 6

  9. Italianlegislationonimmigration 7

  10. Background • Perlasuaposizionegeografica,distesaall'internodelmarMediterra- neo,l'Italiaestatameta,negliultimi vent'anni, digrandiflussimigra- tori.Conoltre8000chilometridicoste,l'Italiaeconsideratalaportadi ingresso piu facilmente accessibile per raggiungere l'Europa. • Gliimmigratipiunumerosisonoimarocchini(112.614uominie46.985 donne),vengono,poi,glialbanesi(91.144uominie50.922donne),i rumeni(35.345uominie33.584donne),itunisinieisenegalesi(con piu di 40.000 presenze fra uomini e donne). • L'incidenzasullapopolazioneepiuelevataalCentro(4stranieriogni 100abitanti),seguitapoidalNord(31%),dalSud(1,2%)edalleisole (1,2%). • Accantoagliimmigratiregolari,inpossessodipermessodisoggiorno, c'eunelevatonumerodiimmigraticlandestini,difficilmentequantifi- cabile.SecondolestimedellaCaritas,l'agenziadellachiesacattolica impegnatanellavorodiassistenzaagliimmigrati,inItaliasidovrebbe- ro trovare oltre un milione di immigrati clandestini. • Unprimotentativodiregolarizzazioneeintegrazionedeiflussimigra- toriestatorealizzatoall'iniziodeglianniNovantaconlalegge39/90 (cosiddetta "Legge Martelli"). Obiettivo della legge era di pianificare i flussidientratadaconcordareconipaesidiprovenienza.Nel1998il governohaemanatolalegge40/98(la"Turco-Napolitano)checosti- tuivauntentativoorganicodiregolarizzazioneediintegrazionedegli immigrati extracomunitari. • La legge • Lalegge189del30luglio2002,denominataleggeBossi-Finidalnome dei suoi presentatori, modificala legge del 1998 e introduce nuove clausole. I punti piu rilevanti sono i seguenti. • Ognianno,entroil30novembre,ilpresidentedelConsigliohalare- sponsabilitadidefinirelequotemassimedilavoratoriextracomunitari da ammettere in Italia per l'anno successivo. • Per persone altamente specializzate (lettori universitari, professori universitari, infermieri professionali, ecc.) non e • prevista alcuna limitazione all'ingresso. 8

  11. Background • Italyhasseenimportantinwardmigrationduringthepast20years. GivenitspositioninthecentreoftheMediterranean,andwithover 8,000kilometresofcoastline,Italyisconsideredthemostaccessible entrance to Europe by many migrants. • Moroccans are the most numerous immigrants (112,614 men and 46,985 women), followed by Albanians (91,144 men and 50,922 women),Romanians(35,345menand33,584women),Tunisiansand Senegalese(morethan40,000immigrantseach).Thenumberofim- migrantsishighestintheCentreofItaly(4%ofthepopulation),fol- lowed by the North (3.1%), the South (1.2%) and the islands (1.2%). Besideslegalimmigrants,whohavearegularresidencepermit,there arenumerousillegalimmigrants,whosenumberishardtoquantify. AccordingtoCaritas(theagencyofthecatholicchurchwhichassists immigrants) there are about 1 million illegal immigrants in Italy. Previous attempts at regulation • The firstattemptat regularising and integratingimmigrants in Italy waslaunchedatthebeginningofthe1990sthroughLaw39/90(the so-called 'Martellilaw').The objective of this law was to plan migra- tory flows intoItalyincollaborationwiththeimmigrants'countriesof origin.In1998,thegovernmentissuedLaw40/98(theso-called'Tur- co-Napolitanolaw')whichwasanattempttoregularisethepositionof non-EU immigrants and improve their integration. • Immigration law • LawNo.189of30July2002,knownasthe 'Bossi-Fini law'afterthe namesofthepoliticianswhoproposed it,amendsthe1998immigra- tionlawandintroducesnewclauses.Themostsignificantaspectsof the law are as follows: • eachyear,before30November,thePrimeMinisterwilllay downthenumberofnon-EUworkerswhocanbeadmittedintoItaly in the following year; • therearenolimitationstoentryintoItalyforhighly-skilled workers (university lecturers and professors, professional nurses etc); 9

  12. L'ingressoinItaliasarapermessosoltantoacolorocheavrannoun "contrattodisoggiorno",cioeuncontrattodilavorosubordinatostipu- latofraundatoredilavoro(siaessounimprenditoreounafamiglia)e unprestatoredilavoroextracomunitario.Ilcontrattodovraprevedere, garante il datore di lavoro, anche la disponibilitadi un alloggio e il pa- gamentodellespesediviaggioperilrientrodellavoratorenelpaesedi origine. Leambasciateoiconsolatiitalianirilascerannoilvistod'in- gressosoloacoloroinpossessodiquestocontratto.Alloscaderedel contratto, il lavoratore dovra fare ritorno al suo paese d'origine. • •Inogniprovinciaverraistituitounosportellounicoperl'immigrazi- one,chesararesponsabiledell'interoprocedimentorelativoall'assun- zionedilavoratorisubordinatistranieriatempodeterminatoeindeter- minato. • Allosportellounicoverrannopresentateancheledomandediricon- giungimento familiaredi cui avranno diritto i cittadiniextracomunitari in regola con i permessi. I parenti ammessi saranno quelli di primo grado(coniugeefigli)eigenitoriconpiudi65annidietaprividialtro sostentamento. • Ilpermessodisoggiornoperlavoroavraunaduratamassimadidue anni,ancheseillavoratoreavrauncontrattodilavorosubordinatoa tempo indeterminato. • Almomentodell'istruttoriaperilrilasciodelpermessodisoggior- noilcittadinoextracomunitariosaraobbligatoarilasciareleimpronte digitali. • Doposeiannidiregolaresoggiornosulterritorioitalianoedessendo in possesso di requisitieconomiciche garantiscanoil sostentamento perseelapropriafamiglia,ilcittadinoextracomunitariopotraavere unacartadisoggiornoatempoindeterminatoinsostituzionedelper- messo di soggiorno. • Gli extracomunitari entrati in Italia irregolarmente saranno espulsi mediante"accompagnamentoallefrontiere".L'espulsionesaraimme- diatamenteesecutivaedilprovvedimentononsarasospesoneppurenel caso in cui l'immigrato ricorra in tribunale. • IclandestinifermatidallapoliziasarannocondottiinappositiCentri dipermanenza.Nei60giornisuccessivisicercheradiscoprirnel'iden- tita. Se l'esito sara negativo al clandestino verra 10

  13. othernon-EUimmigrantswillbeallowedentryintoItalyonlyifthey havea'residencecontract'(contrattodisoggiorno)-ieacontractof dependentemploymentsignedbyanemployer(afirmorafamily)and theimmigrantworker. Thecontractmustprovideforaccommodation andthepaymentoftravelexpensesfortheworkerstoreturntotheir countryoforigin.Italianembassiesandconsulateswillissueentryvi- sasonlyontheseconditions.Whenthecontractexpires,theimmigrant worker must return to the country of origin; • aspecificimmigrationofficeisbesetupineachprovinceofItaly tooverseetheentirerecruitmentprocedureforimmigrantworkerson both open-ended and fixed-term contracts. • thenewofficeswillalsodealwithapplicationsfornon-EUcitizens toenterItalyforpurposesoffamilyreunification.Onlynon-EUimmi- grantswitharegularresidencepermitwillbeentitledtopresentthis kindofapplicationwithregardtotheirfamilymembers.Only'first degree'relatives will be admitted - spouses, children and parents over 65 years of age with no other form of support; • residencepermitsissuedforreasonsofemploymentwilllastfora maximumoftwoyears,eveniftheworkerconcernedhasanopen-end- ed contract of employment. • whentheirresidencepermitisissued,immigrantworkersmustpro- vide their fingerprints; • aftersixyearsofregularresidenceinItaly,non-EUcitizenswiththe necessaryeconomicrequisitestosustainthemselvesandtheirfamilies willbeabletoreceiveaformofpermanentpermitinsteadofatempo- rary residence permit; • irregular immigrants will be deported and accompanied to Italy's borders. Deportation will be immediate and will not be suspended even if the immigrant appeals to the courts; • suspectedillegalimmigrantsstoppedbythepolicewillbetakento specificcentrescontrolledbythepolice.Theauthoritieswilltrytodis- covertheiridentityduringthefollowing60days.Iftheyarefoundto beillegalimmigrants,theywillbeorderedtoleavethecountrywithin fivedays(aperiodtheymustspendinthecentre).Iftheyfailtodoso, theillegalimmigrantswillbearrestedforbetweensixmonthsanda year or deportedand 11

  14. "intimato"dilasciareilpaeseentro5giorni(chetrascorreraneicentri dipermanenza).Secionondovesseavvenireilclandestinoverrain- carceratoperunperiododaseimesiadunannooespulso,conaccom- pagnamentoallafrontiera.SeilclandestinodovesserientrareinItalia sara arrestato e sottoposto a giudizio. • Otterrannoilpermessodisoggiornoalcompimentodellamaggiore etaiminoriextracomunitariresidentiinItaliaalmenodatreannieche abbianoseguitounprogettodiintegrazionesocialeecivilediunente pubblicooprivato.L'entegestoredovragarantirecheilragazzoabbia una casa, che frequenti corsi di studio o che abbia un lavoro. • PergliimmigratipresentiinItaliaeprevistaunasanatoriachecon- sentiralaregolarizzazionedeilavoratoriimmigraticheabbianounlav- oro e che risiedano in Italia da almeno tre mesi. • Il decreto:laregolarizzazionedeilavoratoriextracomunitari • Ildecretolegislativodel6settembre2002prevedelaregolarizzazione diduetipidilavoratoriextracomunitari:quelliimpegnaticomecol- laboratoridomesticiocomebadantiequelliimpegnatiinaltrolavoro subordinato. • Potrannoregolarizzarsianchegliimmigratichehannoilpermessodi soggiornoscadutomanonpotrannofarlocolorochesonostaticolpiti da un provvedimento di espulsione. • Atuttiilavoratoriextracomunitariregolarizzativerrarilasciatounper- messodisoggiornodiduratacorrispondentealladuratadelcontratto dilavoro(ma,comunque,nonsuperioreadueanniancheincasodi contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato). 12

  15. accompaniedtotheborders.IfillegalimmigrantsreturntoItaly,they will be arrested and tried by the courts; • non-EUminorslivinginItalywillobtainaresidencepermitonce theyreachadultage(18years)providedthattheyalreadyhavelived inItalyforatleastthreeyearsandhaveattendedasocialandcivil integrationprogrammeprovidedbyapublicorprivateorganisation. Thisorganisationmustalsoguaranteethattheyhaveaccommodation and attend school or go to work. • forirregularimmigrantsalreadyinItaly,thelawprovidesforanam- nestywhichwillallowtheregularisationofthepositionofthosewho have worked and lived in Italy for at least three months. • The new law came into force on 26August 2002. • Decree onregularisation • Adecree-lawissuedbythecabineton6September2002providesfor theregularisationofthepositionoftwotypesofirregularimmigrant workers:thoseemployedasdomesticworkersandhome-helper;and dependent workers involved in other kinds of subordinate employ- ment. • Immigrantswhoseresidencepermitshaveexpiredwillalsobeable to regularise their situation, provided that they have not received a deportationorder.Allregularisedimmigrantsworkerswillreceivea residencepermitwithadurationequaltothedurationoftheiremploy- ment contract, but in any case no longer than two years. 13

  16. Oursources: http://italian-immigration-lawhttp://strugglesinitaly.wordpress.com/equality/en-immigration-poli- cies-in-italy/ http://www.eurofound.europa.euhttp://www.ehow.com/about_55l6656_italian-immigration-require- ments.html http://www.emnitaly.it/down/pb-20-0l.pdf 14

  17. Lithuanianlegislationonimmigration 15

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