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Beslan School Hostage Crisis

Chen Yun Marcel Wong Edward Neo Toh Zheng Xiang. Beslan School Hostage Crisis. Historical Factors Chechnya conflict has been on since the 18th century when the Russian czar attempted to take over the region

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Beslan School Hostage Crisis

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  1. Chen Yun Marcel Wong Edward Neo Toh Zheng Xiang Beslan School Hostage Crisis

  2. Historical Factors • Chechnya conflict has been on since the 18th century when the Russian czar attempted to take over the region • In 1944, Chechen people were deported to Central Asia and Siberia by Stalin, under suspicion that the Chechen collaborated with Nazi to overthrow the Soviets. REASONS

  3. Geopolitical and Economic Factors • Chechnya is a region with abundant natural gas, limestone, gypsum, sulfur and most importantly, oil. Chechnya is also a key site to connecting the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea, makes Chechnya a significant juncture for oil pipelines. • Russian presence gives the ability to interfere and make profit with Chechnya's oil industry, which would be the motivation for suppressing Chechnya's struggle for independence. REASONS

  4. 1991 – COLLAPSE OF USSR

  5. THE USSR IS SPLIT INTO 11 INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES

  6. 1993 – ESTABLISHMENT OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

  7. RUSSIA BECAME A FEDERATION IN 1993, WITH 89 FEDERAL SUBJECTS (83 AFTER 2008 MERGERS)

  8. THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC (CHECHNYA) IS ONE OF THESE STATES (#20)

  9. An independence movement in Chechnya – the All-National Congress of the Chechen People, rallied for the recognition of Chechenya as an independent nation in 1991 • The Russian Federation opposed this • Yeltsin sent 40,000 troops to Chechnya in 1994 and took control of Chechnya's capital Grozny in March 1995 after a bloody war. INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT

  10. 1994 – 1996 – FIRST CHECHEN WAR

  11. Russian forces attempted to prevent Chechnya from seceding in 1994 However, fierce resistance by the rebels and costly strategic defeats ultimately led to the signing of the 1996 ceasefire and subsequently the 1997 peace treaty Thus, Chechnya gained sovereignty FIRST CHECHEN WAR

  12. INTER-WAR PERIOD

  13. Chechnya struggled to maintain sovereignty and rebuild its infrastructure Russia helped it by sending money, but most of it were taken by authorities and warlords Its economy remained devastated, and kidnapping, political violence and Islamic extremism were widespread INTERWAR PERIOD

  14. Chechnya-based Islamic extremists carried out apartment bombings in Moscow and invaded the Russian republic of Dagestan in 1999 to aid separatist rebels The invasion is crushed and the above events became the Russian justification for the Second Chechen War INTERWAR PERIOD

  15. 1999 – PRESENT – SECOND CHECHEN WAR

  16. In September 1999 Russia responded by sending 100,000 troops and taking over most of Chechnya. In 2000, and Russian President Vladimir Putin declared rule over Chechnya, appointing Akhmad Kadyrov as leader of Chechnya. However, insurgency in that area continued to this day

  17. Attacking the town of Gudermes in 2001 Killing Russian officers and shooting down helicopters in 2002 Seizing a Moscow theater, and suicide bombing in 2002 and 2003. SECOND CHECHEN WAR Leading up to

  18. 2004 – BESLAN SCHOOL HOSTAGE CRISIS

  19. The terrorists storm School Number One (SNO) in Beslan • This date is chosen because it is the start of the school year where new pupils are welcomed • 1200 people are taken hostage in the gym • Explosives are placed around the school • Russian forces surround the school • Negotiations with the terrorists fail DAY 1 – 1ST SEPTEMBER 2004

  20. Second round of negotiations begin Negotiations fail again, but babies and their mothers are released Terrorists fire 2 RPG rounds at the security forces Food, water and medicine are delivered to the hostages after continued negotiations throughout the night DAY 2 – 2ND SEPTEMBER 2004

  21. Attackers allow medical workers to retrieve dead bodies, but fire on them when they approach the building Two explosives are detonated in the gym, killing and wounding many and partially destroying one wall. Fleeing woman and children are shot and killed. Only 30 manage to escape. DAY 3 – 3RD SEPTEMBER 2004

  22. Russian forces, including the Spetsnaz and several T-72 tanks proceed to attack the terrorists. Civilians used as human shields are killed by the Russian forces in the attack DAY 3 – 3RD SEPTEMBER 2004

  23. A total of 334 hostages are killed, of which 186 of them are children 27 of the terrorists are killed, and 3 of them are taken alive At least 50 people from the security forces are dead Hundreds more are wounded severely, resulting in permanent disablilities AFTERMATH

  24. Significance

  25. September 1st • Start of the Russian school year, referred to as "First September" or Day of Knowledge • Parents and other relatives accompanied the child to attend school ceremonies Time

  26. Chose to attack School Number One (SNO), one of 7 schools in Beslan • Nur-Pashi Kulayev claimed attack was designed for maximum outrage with the purpose of igniting a wider war in the Caucasus Location

  27. The End

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