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Europe in Transition: The Frankish Kingdoms and Charlemagne's Empire

Explore the pivotal period of the Early Middle Ages in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, focusing on the Frankish Kingdoms, the role of the Roman Catholic Church, Charlemagne's rule, and the cultural, social, and political transformations during 500-1000 AD.

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Europe in Transition: The Frankish Kingdoms and Charlemagne's Empire

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  1. Global connections Unit 3Chapter 7 section 1 Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire The Frankish Kingdoms Early Middle Ages

  2. The Early Middle Ages500-1000 AD • Characteristics (a dark age?) • Culture • 3 elements (German, Christian, Roman) • How did the Roman Catholic Church survive as the Empire fell? • Autonomy (courts and law) • Leadership • Organization

  3. Life after Rome: Barbarian tribes established Kingdoms throughout Europe

  4. The Expanded Role of the Clergy • Early Caesaropapism: Popes of this time were forced to assume both temporal and spiritual authority • Pope Gregory the Great (590-614) (Chant) • exercised independent Temporal power (ex: helped the poor) • St. Benedict (Monte Cassino 529): The rules for monastic life • The Role of Monks and Nuns • Manuscript illumination • Missionary work (St. Boniface) • Hospitals, education of farmers

  5. Germanic Culture • Oral tradition • Rural not urban • Legal system • Trial by ordeal • Customs • Polygamy • Incest • Divorce • Infanticide

  6. The Franks • 486, Clovis conquers Gaul after making an alliance with the Roman Catholic Church • United all the Frankish Tribes

  7. Europe in 526 AD

  8. Battle of Tours 732 • Muslim army crossed into France • Charles (The Hammer) Martel rallied Frankish warriors • Christians triumphed • Importance of this victory?

  9. Charlemagne 742-814 • Grandson of Charles Martel • Hunting, riding, and singing • Christian upbringing • 4 legal wives and 6 concubines • King of Franks • Became known as Charlemagne • “Charles the Great”

  10. Charles as Germanic Warrior • Saved Papacy from Lombards 773-774 • Defeated the Byzantines and the Avars • Used fear and his incredible energy to control his Empire • He sought to awe conquered peoples with his fierce presence and terrible justice • 4,000 Saxons killed at Verdun in one day

  11. The Empire of Charlemagne

  12. Battle of Roncesvalles 778 • On way home form Spain his rear guard was ambushed by Basques or Saracens • Charlemagne’s only defeat • Roland became a great hero of many songs, dances, and romances (The Song of Roland)

  13. Charles as Christian Administrator • Delegated authority to local Counts • Checked on what they were doing using a system of MissiDominici (agents of the King) • One clergy one layman (every year) • Accountability

  14. Scholarship • He Studied Logic, Rhetoric, Dialects • He could read Latin but could not write • Sponsored education by establishing Cathedral schools (most imp?) • At his court in Aachen (aka. Aix-Le-Chapelle) Charlemagne assembled scholars • Alcuin of Northumbria • Einhard (Vita Caroli)

  15. Pope Leo III and the Coronation • Asked for Charlemagne’s help against rebellious nobles in Rome • 800 AD, Christmas Day • The Pope proclaimed him Emperor • This event solidifies his identity as a man of Frankish practices and Christian ideals

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