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Road to Freedom

Road to Freedom. NATIONALISM. A feeling brought about by the discovery of a group of people of their identity that enable them to be united Examples: Similarity in terms of color and physical attributes Similarity in language, beliefs, place or territory

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Road to Freedom

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  1. Road to Freedom

  2. NATIONALISM • A feeling brought about by the discovery of a group of people of their identity that enable them to be united • Examples: • Similarity in terms of color and physical attributes • Similarity in language, beliefs, place or territory • Similarity in terms of goals and ideologies

  3. Factors that gave Rise to Nationalism

  4. 1. The Philippines was opened to World Trade • When the King of Spain announced the opening of the Philippines in world trade, a lot of countries became interested. • Philippine products were known • Transportation and communication flourished.

  5. 2. BIRTH OF THE MIDDLE CLASS • Consisted of: • Newly rich businessmen and Chinese traders • Spanish mestizo • Those who attained higher education in the Philippines and in Spain (ilustrados)

  6. Philippine Society during the Spanish Period

  7. Peninsulares • Insulares • Mestizo • Indio

  8. 3. OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL • November 17, 1869 – Opening of the Suez Canal • Ferdinand de Lesseps – A Frenchman who made the Suez Canal • Connects the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea (thus connecting Asia to Europe) • The travel from Europe to the Philippines was reduced from 3 months to 32 days. • Trade flourished • Prompted the influx of foreign newspapers and books that catapulted the Philippines to a new age

  9. LIBERALISM • Equality, Liberty, Fraternity • Freedom of Speech, Assembly, Association • The Filipinos read democratic books such as: • Social Contract – Jean Jacques Rousseau • Treatises of Government – John Locke

  10. 4. LIBERAL LEADERSHIP OF GOV. GEN. CARLOS MA. DELA TORRE • Queen Isabel II – was removed from her position in 1868 due to a revolution. • Carlos Ma. De la Torre – a liberal Spaniard • Brought liberal thoughts in the Philippines to be able to protect themselves from the abuses of the Spaniards • Showed love to the Filipinos • Allowed freedom of speech • Opened Malacañang to the peopleon July 12, 1869 • Was replaced by Rafael de Izquierdo – an autocratic ruler

  11. THE TYRANNICAL REGIME OF RAFAEL DE IZQUIERDO • Re-imposed censorship • Banned all talks of reform and liberty • Stop the Filipinization of the Parishes in the country • Revoked the exemptions of Filipinos on force labor and tributes

  12. 5. THE SECULARIZATION ISSUE • Secular Priest • Filipino priests • Provincial – refers to the head of the Secular priests • Regular Priest • Spanish priests belonging in religious orders such as: • Augustinians • Jesuits • Recollects • Dominicans • Franciscans • Archbishop and bishop – headed the regular priests

  13. Council of Trent (1545-1563) – states that a secular priest can be a Friar Curate • Pope Pius V – allowed the secular priests in 1567 serve in the parishes due to lack of regular priests • Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa – started making the secular priests a part of the regular priests and giving them a parish to lead.

  14. COUNCIL OF TRENT POPE PIUS V GOM-BUR-ZA

  15. Religious Orders – opposed to the plan for they believed that Filipinos were not worthy to become Friar Curate • Msgr. Pedro Pelaez – Ecclesiastical Governor of the Church who believed that Filipino priests should be given a chance to serve. • Governor-General Simon de Anda – sided with the Filipinos • Father Jose Burgos – continued the fight upon the death of Msgr. Pelaez.

  16. 6. THE CAVITE MUTINY • January 20, 1872 • Sergeant Lamadrid – led about 200 Filipino soldiers and workers in the Cavite arsenal mutinied. • Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo • One of the worst governor generals in the Philippines • Removed a lot of privileges enjoyed by the people in Cavite that led to the mutiny.

  17. 7. THE EXECUTION OF GOM-BUR-ZA • ALL were graduates of UST. • Fr. Burgos – head of the movement; Letran Professor; Master of ceremonies of the faculty of UST; curate of the Manila Cathedral; born in Vigan • Fr. Gomez – founder of La Verdad; curate of Bacoor, Cavite; born in Sta. Cruz, Manila • Fr. Zamorra – curate of Pasig, Rizal; born in Pandacan; lost his mind before the execution

  18. Father Mariano Gomez – more than 70 years old • Friar Curate of Bacoor • Had Chinese blood • Father Jose Burgos – 35 years • Friar Curate of Manila Cathedral • Insulares • Padre Jacinto Zamora – 73 years • Friar Curate of Marikina • Insulares • Unfriendly towards the Spaniards • Offended Brigadier Oran – a governor in Manila which Padre Zamora did not gave honors when he visited Marikina.

  19. Were sentenced to death by means of Garrote on February 17, 1872 • Francisco Zaldua – A Filipino witness who was paid by the Spaniards • Claimed that he was the messenger of Father Burgos • Archbishop Gregorio Meliton Martinez – did not allow the removing of the habit of the three accused • Wanted the church bells to be played upon the execution as a respect to the three priests

  20. SIGNIFICANCE OF THEIR DEATH • NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS EMERGED • GOMBURZA became the battle cry of the propaganda movement • The Katipunan use the word GOMBURZA as one of its passwords • The Katipunan declared Feb. 17 as a commemorative day of prayer

  21. KING ANNOUNCED THE OPENING OF THE • PHILIPPINES TO WORLD TRADE 5. THE SECULARIZATION PROJECT • BIRTH OF THE MIDDLE CLASS: • THE ILUSTRADOS 6. CAVITE MUTINY: JAN. 20, 1872 THE BIRTH OF NATIONALISM 7. EXECUTION OF GOM-BUR-ZA: FEB. 17, 1872 • 3. OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL • NOV. 17, 1869 4. GOV. GEN. CARLOS MA. DELA TORRE 1868

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