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Top Ten Mysteries of the Universe

Top Ten Mysteries of the Universe. Who wants to be a millionaire?. Who wants to be a Septillionaire? (10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 p). Contestants. The Leptons Light and electrifying …. The quarks Strong and colourful …. Quiz master. Rolf Landua CERN. No. 10.

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Top Ten Mysteries of the Universe

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  1. Top Ten Mysteries of the Universe

  2. Who wants to be a millionaire? Who wants to be a Septillionaire? (10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 p)

  3. Contestants The Leptons Light and electrifying … The quarks Strong and colourful … Quiz master Rolf Landua CERN

  4. No. 10 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE What is CERN?

  5. 10 CERN TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE A C Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire Central European Radiation Network B D Centre Eternel pour la Recherche Non-appliquée Center for European Research Nerds What does C.E.R.N. stand for?

  6. 10 CERN TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE A C Improve the WWW Improve nuclear reactors B D Thermonuclear warfare Study matter, fields and The origin of the Universe What are the goals of CERN research?

  7. No. 9 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Large Hadron Collider

  8. 9 LHC TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE A C A hit with a sledgehammer A herd of 1000 elephants at 30 m/s B D A frontal collision of two cars at 100 km/h About 3 µg of antimatter The ‘Large Hadron Collider’ accelerates 3·1014 protons (~0.5 ng, small grain of dust) to 99.99999999 % of the speed of light. What does the energy of the proton beams correspond to:

  9. 9 LHC TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE A C His hair would contract to 0.05 mm length We would observe his life span to be ~ 500,000 yrs B D He would have the same energy as 500 tons of matter He may suffocate before reaching this age What would happen to this theoretical physicist if he circulated in the LHC machine with 99.9999999% of the speed of light?

  10. 9 LHC TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE CERN in 3 minutes

  11. No. 8 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Particles

  12. u d u A C Molecules Electrons and Quarks B D Atoms Protons and Neutrons 8 - Particles TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE What are the smallest building blocks of matter?

  13. 8 Particles TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE 4 92 A C 12 240 B D How many different types of matter particles exist?

  14. A C We don’t know God knows D B A throw of the dice during the Big Bang Stephen Hawking knows 8 Particles TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Why are there so many types of matter particles?

  15. No. 7 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Forces

  16. 7 - Forces TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE A C Yes, 1036 times Yes, 100 (102) times B D No, gravitation is stronger Yes, 100 million (108) times Is the electromagnetic force stronger than gravitation?

  17. 7 - Forces TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE A C 100 (102) times 1036 times B D 100 million (108) times Gravitation is stronger BUT MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE IS NEUTRAL, because positive and negative charges cancel each other precisely. THEREFORE: Gravitation is the dominant force in the Universe

  18. No. 6 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE The Big Bang

  19. 6 Big Bang TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE A C 5,800 years 13.7 billion years B D 4.55 billion years It has been going on for ever How old is the Universe?

  20. 6 Big Bang TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE A C The Earth All elementary particles B D The stars Cosmic Rays What did the Big Bang produce during its first few minutes?

  21. No. 5 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Antimatter

  22. A C Same mass, same charge Opposite mass, same charge B D Same mass, opposite charge Opposite mass, opposite charge 5 Antimatter TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Every particle has an ‘anti-particle’. Compared to the particle, the anti-particle has: Electron and Positron

  23. A C Under the Vatican Starship ‘Enterprise’ B D Andromeda Galaxy Particle accelerators 5 Antimatter TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Where is the largest concentration of antimatter in the known Universe?

  24. 5 Antimatter TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE The disappearance of antimatter in the Universe Blue = Matter particles; Red = Antimatter particles Time scale during Big Bang < 0.000 001 sec

  25. No. 4 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Space and Time

  26. A C 2 (the Earth is flat!) 4 B D 3 3 big ones, 6 small ones 4 Space and Time TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE How many dimensions has space?

  27. A C It bends it like a rubber sheet It makes time go faster B D It blows it up like a balloon It makes time go slower 4 Space and Time TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE How does the presence of matter change space and time?

  28. No. 3 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Black Holes

  29. A C By antimatter By spending too much money B D In the collapse of a massive star By collisions in the LHC 3 Black Holes TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE How is a black hole formed?

  30. A C He never arrives Gravity rips him apart B D He becomes flat as a pancake Nothing 3 Black Holes TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE What happens to John when he falls into a black hole?

  31. 3 Black Holes TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Black Holes and Vampire Stars

  32. No. 2 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE Dark Matter

  33. A C We don’t know for sure My missing socks must have gone somewhere B D By looking through big telescopes My theory predicts it 2 Dark Matter TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE How do we know that Dark Matter must exist?

  34. 2 Dark Matter TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE How do we know about “dark matter”

  35. A C Black Holes Planets beyond the solar system B D WeaklyInteracting Massive Particles Neutrinos 2 Dark Matter TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE What is dark matter made of?

  36. 2 Dark Matter TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE How could we detect ‘dark matter’ ?

  37. THE MYSTERIES SO FAR … 10 What does CERN do? 9 What does the Large Hadron Collider do? 8 Why so many particles? 7 Why are the strengths of forces so different? 6 What happened in the Big Bang? 5 Where is the Antimatter? 4 How many dimensions of Space? 3 What happens in a Black Hole? 2 What is Dark Matter ? And the Top Mystery is ….

  38. No. 1 TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE The recipe for the Universe

  39. A C Quarks and electrons A mysterious type of energy B D Dark matter Sex, Drugs and Rock’n Roll 1 Dark Energy TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE What is the Universe made of?

  40. A C From observing distant exploding stars From observing the cosmic background radiation B D From observing the TV Einstein predicted it 1 Dark Energy TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE How do we know about “dark energy” ?

  41. A C It will expand faster and faster Everything will fall into Black Holes B D It will collapse in the Big Crunch ‘World of Warcraft’ becomes core subject in syllabus 1 Dark Energy TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE How will the Universe end?

  42. TOP 10 MYSTERIES OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE … and the 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 proton award goes to …

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