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SKELETAL PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW FOR TEST # 1

This review covers the skeletal physiology of bone structures such as the periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity, and articular cartilage. It also includes information on bone arrangement in short and long bones, bone cells, mineral composition, and ossification processes.

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SKELETAL PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW FOR TEST # 1

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  1. SKELETAL PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW FOR TEST # 1 CH 7

  2. periosteum Name this specific covering over the bone shown by red arrow.

  3. endosteum Name this specific connective tissue lining shown by red dotted line.

  4. Medullary cavity Name this specific cavity shown by red dotted line.

  5. Yellow marrow What is found in this specific cavity of an adult shown by red dotted line?

  6. Articular cartilage 8. Name this specific connective tissue shown by the blue color.

  7. Name this specific cell. osteocyte

  8. SHORT BONE ARRANGEMENT What is the bone arrangement in short bones? Choose correct number below. • All spongy bone • All compact bone • Layered effect = compact – spongy – compact • Layered effect = spongy – compact – spongy • Layered effect = compact – spongy – medullary cavity – compact answer # 3

  9. What is the bone arrangement in long bones? Choose number below. • All spongy bone • All compact bone • Compact outside – Spongy inside • Spongy outside – Compact inside • Epiphysis = spongy and diaphysis =compact • Epiphysis = compact and diaphysis = spongy Answer # 5

  10. Name the tunnels that connect the cells with one another (red arrows). canaliculi

  11. Name this SPECIFIC part shown in yellow. There are nine of them on this diagram. concentric lamella

  12. The scapula falls under what type of bone? flat

  13. What are the protein fibers shown here in an osteon? collagen

  14. Name the bone cell shown by red arrow. osteoblast

  15. Which cell is responsible for maintaining bone? 1 2 3 4 3

  16. Which of the following cells starts forming the bone matrix? 1 2 3 4 2

  17. Name the bone cell shown by red arrow. Osteoprogenitor or osteogenic cell

  18. Name the bone cell shown here. osteoclast

  19. Name the nonorganic compound making up bone. Ca5(PO4)3OH. hydroxyapetite

  20. Which represents the set up of bone in the spongy type? 1 2 2

  21. Which represents trabeculae? A B B

  22. Circumferential lamella Name the SPECIFIC part outlined in yellow.

  23. Name the SPECIFIC part outlined in yellow. Interstitial lamella

  24. What type of bone is shown here that develops within a tendon? sesamoid

  25. Name this entire part outlined in yellow. osteon

  26. Name these passageways outlined in yellow. Perforating canals

  27. Name type of bone. spongy

  28. What type of marrow is in this area? Red marrow

  29. wormian What type of irregular bone is shown here?

  30. What is process is shown here? hematopoiesis

  31. What is shown here by the white arrows? Epiphyseal plates or discs

  32. Which of these bone types is NOT matched with the correct example? • long bone-humerus • short bone-clavicle • flat bone-scapula • irregular bone-vertebrae 2

  33. Which portion of a long bone stores yellow marrow in adults? • the epiphysis • the medullary cavity • periosteum • compact bone • the epiphyseal plate 2

  34. Secondary ossification centers • are located in the diaphysis of the bone. • are located in the epiphysis of the bone. • are located in the fontanels. • appear during early fetal development • are locations for intramembranous ossification. 2

  35. Growth in the length of a long bone stops when • the articular cartilage becomes completely ossified. • the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified. • appositional growth at the periosteum stops. • intramembranous ossification is complete.

  36. Intramembranous ossification is usually complete by __________ years of age, whereas endochondral ossification is usually complete by __________ years of age. • 2, 25 • 5, 10 • 10, 2 • 10, 25 • 25, 5 1

  37. Given these passageways: • Canaliculi 2. Central osteon (haversian) canal 3. blood vessels in periosteum 4. perforating (Volkmann's) canal Which of these represents the correct order as nutrients pass from outside the bone to the osteocytes? • 1,2,3,4 • 2,4,1,3 • 3,4,2,1 • 3,1,4,2 • 4,3,2,1 3

  38. Given these cells: • osteoblasts • osteocytes 3. osteoprogenitor cells Which of these sequences represents the order in which they are produced? • 1,2,3 • 1,3,2 • 2,1,3 • 2,3,1 • 3,1,2 5

  39. Which of these structures is found in compact bone, but not in cancellous bone? • osteoclasts • canaliculi • lamellae • central osteon (haversian) canals • osteocytes 4

  40. Which of these substances is present in the largest quantity in bone? • collagen • hydroxyapatite • proteoglycan aggregates • lacunae cartilage

  41. collagen What are the diagonal fibers in this diagram that allow the bone in the picture to be a bit flexible?

  42. . What type of ossification is shown here? endochondral

  43. The surface of the medullary cavity of long bones is lined with a connective tissue membrane called • periosteum. • epiphyseal plates. • endosteum. • perichondrium. • lamellae. 3

  44. What mineral element is found in the greatest concentration in bone tissue? calcium

  45. Most bones in the body form by this type of ossification? endochondral

  46. What structures are shown here by the red arrows? fontanels

  47. What type of ossification is found here? intramembranous

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