Cell Structure & Function

1. Cell Structure & Function • Agenda: • Observe short presentation. • Partner check handout… Trade with person next to you. • Sign “Graded By…” on bottom.

2. ReviewCell theory • All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure & function in all living things All cells come from pre-existing cells

4. Cell Structure & Function There are 4 basic structures of all cells: • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes The vocab term for all of the structures found in the cell is: ORGANELLES

5. Ribosomes DNA Cytoplasm Animal Cell Cell Membrane Plant

6. 1. Cytoskeleton/Cytoplasm The fluid interior of the cell. This is where all the organelle float around. Contains: 2. Microtubules 3. Microfilaments 4. Intermediate fibers

7. 1. Cytoskeleton A variety of filaments and fibers that support cell structure and drive cell movement.

8. 5. Nucleus 8. DNA/ Chromosomes The control & information center of the cell, houses DNA. 7.Nucleolus 6. Nuclear Envelope

9. 6. Nuclear Envelope *membranes that surround the nucleus *contains pores which allow movement of materials in & out of nucleus

10. 7. Nucleolus • small region that contains RNA and proteins. • Ribosomes are made here.

11. 8. DNA Contain the genetic information that must be passed to each new generation of cells.

12. 9. Ribosomes Protein Factories Two Types: 10. Free 11. Bound

13. 12. Lysosome • Filled with enzymes necessary for digesting waste materials in the cell. • - The cells “clean-up crew” • - Vesicles help move stuff around the cell.

14. 14. Rough ER 13.EndoplasmicReticulum Modifies and ship proteins What do you notice to be the difference? Ribosomes on rough ER 15. Smooth ER

15. 14. Rough ER Has ribosomes attached to the surface. Makes & modifies proteins that are meant to leave the cell.

16. 15. Smooth ER Does not have ribosomes attached to the surface. Modifies and breaks down lipids & toxins.

17. 16. Golgi Apparatus The apparatus packages proteins & substances for storage in the cell or to be released from the cell

18. 17.Mitochondria Outer Membrane The “powerhouse” of the cell. Converts the chemical energy stored in food into usable compounds for the cell. Inner Membrane Cristae Matrix

19. 18. Plasma Membrane Regulates what enters and leaves the cell. It also aids in the protection and support of the cell. Glycoproteins Embedded Proteins Phospholipid Bilayer

20. Phospholipid Bilayer Lipids line up based on hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

21. Proteins help to move molecules across the membrane using both passive and active transport. Embedded Proteins

22. Glycoproteins Used for cellular recognition and binding sites.

23. E.C. Centriole What is my job?

24. Saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates. 20. Vacuole

25. Chloroplast Vacuole Plant Cell Cell Wall

26. 19. Chloroplast Contain chlorophyll that trap the energy of sunlight & convert it into chemical energy

27. 20. Vacuole IN PLANTS – There is a single large central vacuole filled with liquid that causes pressure making it possible for plants to grow quickly & support heavy structures like leaves and flowers RECALL - saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates.

28. 21. CellWall Strong, non-living structure made of cellulose that surrounds plants, algae and some bacteria. Provides protection and support for the plant cells. It is very porous so that water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other substances can pass through easily.

29. BACTERIAL CELL. PROKARYOTE

30. 22. Plasmid • Extra DNA the can be traded with other neighboring bacteria. • Contains information like antibiotic resistance.

31. 23. Pili • A tube of proteins that allow bacteria to trade plasmids. • Docking mechanism for bacteria.

32. 24. Flagellum • Not only found in bacteria, flagellum allow cells to perform locomotion.

33. 25. Peptidoglycan Capsule • A variable substance on the outside of some bacteria that allows it to form dense colonies. • Kinda like slime.

34. What is the jelly like substance that fills a cell? • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • DNA

35. Cytoskeleton Click to animate the image. A B C D What is labeled here?

36. What forms lipids for cell membrane? • Ribosome • Smooth ER • Rough ER • Nucleus

37. What is filled with enzymes that break down food? • Ribosomes • Mitochondria • Lysosomes • Golgi apparatus

38. Which organelle is common to both prokaryotes and Eukaryotes? • Cell wall • Nucleus • Capsule • Lysosome

39. Think about it??? • Which cellular component is common to BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes? • Cell wall • Nucleus • Capsule • Lysosome

40. Think about it??? • Which cellular component is common to BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes? • Cell wall (don’t forget plant cells! Plant AND bacteria cells) • Nucleus (eukaryotes ONLY) • Capsule (prokaryotes ONLY) • Lysosome (Eukaryotes ONLY)

41. Parts of a prokaryote Click to animate the image. B C D A E F

42. Animal cell parts • http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

43. What is the order? • The ER membrane pinches off to encircle the protein. • The vesicle with the protein enters one end of the Golgi apparatus. • In the nucleus, DNA instructions are copied as RNA messages. • Proteins cross the membrane of the rough ER and enter the ER. • The finished protein leaves the other end of the Golgi apparatus in a new vesicle that buds from the organelle’s surface. • The finished protein travels through the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. • The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, releasing the protein out of the cell. • The vesicle holding the protein travels through the endoplasmic reticulum and out into the cytoplasm. • RNA messages travel to bound ribosomes, where proteins are made. • The protein is modified by enzymes. • The finished protein is repackaged, enclosed in a new vesicle.

44. organelle