EPS Autumn 2012 Energy Village

1. EPS Autumn 2012Energy Village Project members: Rudy Chambon Vincent Fulcheri Kristian Granqvist Xavier Agustí Sánchez Miguel Angel Huerta Arocas

2. Table of contents • Introduction • Project overview • Komossa • Building classification • Energy sources • Wind energy • Solar energy • Biomass • Geothermal • Insulation • Conclusion EPS 2012 Energy Village

3. Introduction • Vincent Fulcheri • France • Miguel Angel Huerta Arocas • Spain • Xavier Agustí Sanchez • Spain • Kristian Granqvist • Finland • Rudy Chambon • The Netherlands EPS 2012 Energy Village

4. Project overview • Name: Energy Village • Duration: 4th September 2012 – 17th December 2012 • Location: Komossa • Given goal: “Make a plan to provide Komossa with renewable energy in a self-sufficient way” • Supervisors: NiklasFrände and Roger Nylund EPS 2012 Energy Village Own picture

5. Komossa • Location: 60 km of Vaasa • Municipality of Vörå • Ostrobothnian region • Area: 28 km² • Population: 120 people in 45 houses • Total consumption: 1 286 kWh • Hill Hoppamäki EPS 2012 Energy Village Own picture http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/V%C3%B6yri.sijainti.suomi.2011.svg

6. Building classification Own table EPS 2012 Energy Village Own graph

7. Wind Energy - General Information • Wind power is in the interest of the village • Several ways of wind power that can provide Komossa with green energy: • Classic big wind turbine • Small wind turbine • Wind power has the highest energy potential in Komossa • Also in the rest of Finland wind power is a good solution • What is a wind turbine? EPS 2012 Energy Village

8. Wind Energy - Energy Potential • Two studies • Aim: Confirm the wind potential Get more details about wind conditions • Finnish Wind Atlas • Wind speed • Icing parameters • Weibull parameters • Installation of a wind sensor • On a 13 m elevation EPS 2012 Energy Village Own picture

9. Wind Energy - Costs and Payback • Big wind turbines • Total electricity use in Komossa : 1 286 MWh/year • Information about the turbine: • Annual production : 1 570 MWh/year • Lifetime ≈ 20 years EPS 2012 Energy Village benoithamon.fr Own table

10. Wind Energy - Costs and Payback • Small wind turbines • Capacity of production Own table Small Users Medium Users- Electricy & Heating EPS 2012 Energy Village Own table Own table Medium Users - Electricity Large Users Own table Own table

11. Wind Energy - Conclusion • Big wind turbines • Wind speed is very high and the payback time is short • Investment costs seem too high for a village of 120 inhabitants This project is preferred to be done on a regional scale • Small wind turbines • Small users: Best option • 48% of houses in Komossa • Good payback time • 80% energy saving • Medium and large users: Preferable to use heating systems • Electricity is only ¼ of the total consumption • Biomass & Geothermal seem cheaper • A study of wind speed at a low elevation needs to be done EPS 2012 Energy Village

12. Solar energy - General Information • Few years ago solar energy was only in warm zones in the south. • Now with new technologies it is also possible to install it in colder areas • Factors affecting the solar energy: • Month of the year • Solar irradiance • Useful daylight hours • Temperature http://www.kalipedia.com/ EPS 2012 Energy Village Own

13. Solar energy - Energy Potential • Solar Collectors • Used to heat fluids • Installation with a large number of components • Different installation configurations • Hot water is stored in a storage tank • Has an energy support system • Sized for 3 different types of users • Suitable to install Solar Panels • Used to generate electricity • Installation is isolated from the net • The energy produced is stored in batteries • It oversized the installation in order to have days of autonomy • Sized for an average user • Not suitable to install EPS 2012 Energy Village http://www.mebtotal.co.uk/ http://www.google.com/patents/EP1450109B1?cl=en

14. Solar energy - Production and Compsuption EPS 2012 Energy Village Own Own

15. Solar energy - Costs and Payback Solar Collector Solar Panels Small User AverageUser Medium User EPS 2012 Energy Village LargeUser http://www.measuredmarketing.us

16. Solar energy - Conclusion • Solar collectors are able to cover the needs imposed. • The best efficiency is to medium users installations. • Solar panels are not suitable for one household. • Good for summer cottages. • Solar energy will have more efficiency in future. EPS 2012 Energy Village http://permaculturenews.org/

17. Biomass - General Information EPS 2012 Energy Village Finland is one of the world’s leading countries in biomass energy Biomass can be used directly (direct combustion), or converted to different types of fuels: bio fuels or biogas Today, wood is the main source of biomass energy Wood is an existing energy source in Komossa, existing technology and experience Large potential to use more wood for energy production https://www.metsamaailma.fi http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puupolttoaine

18. Biomass - Energy Potential Own table EPS 2012 Energy Village

19. Biomass - Investment costs • The investment costs for three common heating systems have been calculated for the three different energy user groups: Own graph EPS 2012 Energy Village

20. Biomass - Payback calculations EPS 2012 Energy Village Example: Medium energy user, 30 000 kWh / year for heating Upgrading from existing oil heating system Today's fuel/energy prizes, interest rate: 4% used in calculations

21. Biomass - Conclusion EPS 2012 Energy Village Wood fuels: a good energy alternative for Komossa Generally makes a good economical heating solution Rising energy prices may make biomass fuels an even more important economical solution in the future Many different factors to consider when changing or building new heating system Firewood heating systems: relatively low investment costs, low fuel cost and short payback time Wood pellet and wood chips: good automatic systems, larger investment costs, economical if the heating need is large enough

22. Geothermal energy – General info How it works Heat extraction as steam, hot water or energy stored from the ground Common uses Electricity production Direct use ( Hot water ) Heat pumps Common installations Boreholes Horizontal geothermalmontana.com EPS 2012 Energy Village geothermalmontana.com

23. Geothermal energy - Potential • Able to produce more than 4 times the heating production as electricity consumption • The electricity bill can be reduced minimum 75% • Finland is a cold country also in the ground. That is the reason why the borehole is deeper than other countries EPS 2012 Energy Village geothermalheatingandcoolingreview.com

24. Geothermal energy – Investment costs Price of the most important elements • Heat Pump Small (6kW) ~ 5,200€ Medium (14kW) ~ 6,800€ Large (20kW) ~ 7,000€ • Cost of the installation • Vertical Drilling costs = 35€/m • Horizontal Is needed a surface between 1.5 and 2 times the surface to be heated Trenching cost = 17€/m2 Piping = 6.2€/m EPS 2012 Energy Village

25. Geothermal energy – Costs and payback The geothermal solutions for the users in Komossa are as the follows: • Horizontal • Borehole Own table EPS 2012 Energy Village Own table

26. Geothermal energy - Conclusion Good points • Very few maintenance • Short installation time • Uninterrupted heating production • No space needed to store the fuel Bad points • Needs a power supplier to work • Surface needs to install horizontal geothermal engine • The heating distribution may change EPS 2012 Energy Village

27. Insulation - General information • Easy way to save energy and money • 3 possible insulation types • Creates a healthier living environment • Helps the environment • Passive house • 10 times more energy efficient • No extra heating is needed EPS 2012 Energy Village http://www.lowenergyhouse.com/

28. Insulation - Energy savings • Window insulation • € 45 /m²/year • 20 m² of window • Total savings: € 900 /year • Cavity wall insulation • € 13.5 /m²/year • 160 m² of wall • Total savings: € 2100 /year • Ceiling insulation • € 12 /m²/year • 140 m² of roof • Total savings: € 1700 /year EPS 2012 Energy Village http://blog.darlingsofchelsea.co.uk/

29. Insulation - Investment costs • Window insulation • € 150 /m² • Total investment € 3000 • Cavity wall insulation • € 27 /m² • Total investment € 4300 • Ceiling insulation • € 26 /m² • Total investment € 3700 EPS 2012 Energy Village http://www.cpa.state.tx.us/

30. Insulation – Payback time Own table EPS 2012 Energy Village • Payback time calculation: • Investment costs include labor and material costs • Yearly interest of 4%

31. Insulation - Conclusion • Easy to install (DIY) • Applicable to all houses • High investment costs • High savings per year • Relatively low payback time EPS 2012 Energy Village http://4.bp.blogspot.com/

32. General conclusion – Small users EPS 2012 Energy Village • Wind power is the best solution to cover the electricity and heating needs • Firewood is the best solution for heating only

33. General conclusion – Medium users EPS 2012 Energy Village • The biomass firewood boiler and the geothermal installation are good options for heating • Wind power is not a good solution to generate electricity for medium users

34. General conclusion – Large users EPS 2012 Energy Village • Wind power is a good solution if the user has an existing heating system • If not it is preferable to choose another heating system • Biomass firewood is the best solution for heating only

35. Thank you for your attention We welcome your questions and suggestions EPS 2012 Energy Village http://www.bhmpics.com