Catholicism

1. Catholicism

2. Founders • Jesus of Nazareth appeared to a man named Paul and told him to establish a Catholic Church. • Based on how Jesus teachings

3. Origin and Spread of a Universal Religion • Spread from Middle East to Mediterranean (Greece) • Spread to rest of Europe • Spread South America and Asia into Africa through missionary work and colonization

4. Teachers of Catholicism • Please: there are also nuns, fathers and monks etc POPE VATICAN CITY BISHOPS IN DIOCESE (REGIONAL) PRIESTS IN PARISHES (LOCAL)

5. Major Beliefs • The trinity (father, son, holy spirit) is the head of one’s life • Guardian angels are messengers for God and protect from danger • Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus and queen of heaven. Highly revered • Apostles for Christ • Divine saints • After death if you are “saved” or in other words accepted Christ as your savior and live a moral life you go to heaven. If not you go to hell. • In protestant faiths you are go to heaven with faith alone.

6. Cont. • 7 sacraments: • Baptism • Eucharist • Reconciliation • Confirmation • Marriage • Holy Orders • Anointing of the sick

7. Universal distribution of Catholics • Over one billion followers all over the world

8. Holy Sites St. Paul Basilica Galilee Jesus’ burial tomb Vatican City

9. Cathedral’s worldwide Notre Dame New York City Brazil Philippines Cameroon

10. Judaism Founder: Abraham Key people: Moses, King David, King Solomon, Isaac Began in Canaan, known today as Israel Mainly practiced in Israel and the U.S. Ethnic religion because you are born Jewish and they don’t try to convert people to Judaism Approximately 14 million followers

11. Beliefs: God, Human kind was created in Devine image, Community, The Torah, The Land of Israel, The Coming Messiah, The Covenant Kosher: To preserve their bodies, theycan’t eat flesh, organs, eggs and milk of forbidden animals, animals must be killed in accordance to the Jewish laws, utensils can’t mix between meat and dairy Burial: eyes are closed, body is on the floor covered with candles lit around, the body is left alone, the body is dressed in a plain shroud and is in a plain coffin, you can’t cremate a body, autopsies are discouraged.

12. Architecture Synagogue in Florence Spanish Synagogue

13. Touro Synagogue Russian Synagogue

14. The Jubilee Synagogue Star of David

16. Sacred sites The Western Wall The Temple Mount The Dome of the Rock

17. Islam • Islam is a universalizing religion • Hearth is Mecca, Saudi Arabia • Has a total world wide following of 1.3 billion people with 1.1 to 7 million followers in the US • Early diffusion was spread through forced conversion but later diffusion was more peaceful.

18. Founders and teachers • Islam’s founder Muhammad. • He studied both New and Old Testaments of the Bible before starting Islam so many teachers are from the Old and New Testaments

20. Funeral/Afterlife • Muslims bury the dead after cleaning and shrouding the body and a short prayer. • Cremation is not approved of • Funeral practices vary by region • They believe in 8 gates of Jannah or Heaven and 7 layers of Jahannam or Hell

21. Architecture and symbolss

22. Hinduism • No true founder • Influenced by Aryan invasion • 4 Major Texts • 950 million followers worldwide (14% world population) • 1.1 million in US (0.5%) • Dietary Restrictions • Beef • Varies with Sects

23. Ethnic Religion • Clustered distribution • Unknown origins • Sites based on physical characteristics • Seasonal Calendar

24. Beliefs • Individualized ways of Worship • Different paths to reach God • Path of Knowledge • Path of Renunciation • Path of Devotion • Path of Action • Brahma (Creator) • 68% worship Vishnu (Preserver) • 27% worship Shiva (Destroyer) • Shankara

25. Burial/Afterlife • Cremation • Closest relative lights pyre, oldest son • Immerse ashes in Holy body of water ges) • Ceremonial Meal & Gifts to poor • Reincarnation • Many different heavens and hells • Not permanent in Heaven and Hell • Cycles until one with Universal Soul

26. Symbols and Holy Sites • Temple: • macrocosm (universe) • microcosm (inner space) • Gopuram • Lighting • 4 Dhamas • 7 Ancient Holy Towns • 4 MahaKumbhaMela • There are thousands.

28. Buddhism Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (563 BCE- 483 BCE)

30. Universalizing religion because it is not limited to a particular region or race. • Buddhists worship one person- Buddha. 360 million followers of Buddhism.

31. MAJOR BELIEFS • Reincarnation • NIRVANA • 4 noble truths, 8 fold path, 5 precepts. • No God, live to end suffering but believe in heaven and hell • Women can become nuns, but are regarded as distractions. • Buddha is the prophet, and monks are the teachers. Burial Practices : Mostly cremate, and ashes are left in urns. After death, the belief of rebirth is consecutive until they reach Nirvana (enlightenment).

32. Religious Sites Kushinagar, India, Tree of Enlightenment -Bodh Gaya, India A temple where Siddhartha underwent spiritual transformation.

34. Jesus Christ and his apostles 12 apostles spread the Gospel after his crucifixion Holy Site: Church of the Holy Sepulchre located in Jerusalem on the hill of Golgotha Began as eastern half of Christendom, the site of the former byzantine empire(Greece Turkey and nearby countries) Founder

35. Ethnic or Universalizing religion?? Universalizing religion A man (Jesus Christ) founded this religion It is popular because it attempts to appeal to all people Number of members worldwide Second largest Christian communion after Roman Catholic Church About 300 million About 1 million in U.S.

36. Area of the world this religion began and is currently mainly practiced

37. Easter Orthodox relies on the writings of Greek fathers such as Gregory of Nyssa, John Chrysostom and St. Basil the great. Believe that Jesus Christ is the son of God Major Belief

38. Eastern Orthodox Church in Greece Eastern Orthodox Church in Belarus Eastern Orthodox Church in Russia Eastern Orthodox Church in Romania Eastern Orthodox Church in Poland

39. 5 different funeral services for • Layman(adults),children, Monks, Priests(Because of their important role as preachers of the Word, the funeral for priests has numerous Gospel readings in it. • Right at the beginning of the funeral, Psalm 118 (Septuagint numbering; KJV: Psalm 119) is chanted. In the Orthodox Psalter this is known as the 17th Kathisma, and is the longest psalm in the Bible. Funeral &Burial Practices

40. 10 Gurus all together, 2 most prominent is Nanak Dev Ji (founder) and Gobind Singh (introduced baptism, turbans+ long hair, beards) Sikhism

41. Hearth: Punjab Region

42. Universalizing Religion • 25 Million World Wide22 Million in India, other 3 million spread across world • England: 389,000 • Canada: 278,415 • United States: 200,000 Maylasia: 100,000

43. Major Beliefs • Monotheistic • Equality • Reincarnation until you find God • Non-violent • Good Deeds (rituals and superstition have no value) • Amrit-Baptism to promise to uphold faith.

44. Funeral and Burial Practices • Everything is by God’s will. Death is natural. • Prefer cremation, occasionally bury or submerge in sea • No monuments erected for the deceased • Heaven is attained and Reincarnation is broken when one finds God

45. Religious Architecture and Symbols • Architecture changes according to location (ex Ornamented in India, influenced by Hinduism • Progressive style of building, styles of buildings change over time. • Domes are present in many of their buildings • Majority of the buildings are large to hold services and mass prayers. • Khanda is the main symbol found on their flags and architecture. The circle represents the universal and creative power of God.

48. Yay Utah! • Founders: Joseph Smith Junior ( 1805-1844) through the Angel Moroni. • Started in the “Burned Over District” of Western New York, but after persecution, was forced to migrate to Utah.

49. 13.8 Million Mormons worldwide!!!!!!

50. Yay Mormons • Universalizing • Joseph Smith • Brigham Young