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Digital Media Technology

Digital Media Technology. Week 10. Last week’s seminar. Digital Humanities Research Strengths of XSLT Extracting information Producing lists Limitations of XSLT Grouping and deduplication Combining different ‘dimensions’. Stylesheet languages vs. Querying languages.

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Digital Media Technology

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  1. Digital Media Technology Week 10

  2. Last week’s seminar • Digital Humanities Research • Strengths of XSLT • Extracting information • Producing lists • Limitations of XSLT • Grouping and deduplication • Combining different ‘dimensions’

  3. Stylesheet languages vs. Querying languages

  4. The import of books from Britain into the Netherlands between 1850 and 1879 increased from f 21,085 to f 161,925, or some 760% in a 29-year period. By comparison, overall book imports in the same period went from f 341,449 to f 1,509,732 or almost 440%. In other words, if import of foreign books was booming generally, the British share in this import grew even faster. In 1850 it amounted to just over 6% of all book imports, growing to a full 10% in 1879. By 1939 the figure for books and periodicals are separate. British books by then account for 18% of all book imports; British periodicals for 43% of all periodical imports. Thus, the average of books and periodicals is 23%.We can put this remarkable growth in perspective by comparing it with the book title production within the Netherlands itself, which went up from 1732 titles in 1850 to almost 3000 (2948) in 1900: an increase of less than 200% over a 50-year period, compared to the 760% over a 29-year period in the case of British imports.

  5. Wm. Blackwood & Sons: Sales and Subscription List Date,Author last name,Author first name,Title,Vols,No. printed,No. sold,Mudie's subs,Mudie's % Jan. 1858,Eliot,George,Scenes of Clerical Life,2,1050,1006,350,35 Dec. 1858,Lytton,Edward Bulwer,What Will He Do With It?,4,4200,3801,1725,45 Jan. 1859,Eliot,George,Adam Bede,3,3416,3304,1500,45 June 1863,Speke,John Hanning,What Led to the Discovery of the Nile,1,1575,922,100,11

  6. <literatureList> <item> <author> <firstName>Peter</firstName> <lastName>Burke</lastName> </author> <fullTitle> <nonFiling>A </nonFiling><title>Social History of the Media, from Gutenberg to the Internet.</title> </fullTitle> <sortTitle>Social History of the Media, from Gutenberg to the Internet</sortTitle> <imprint> <place>London</place> <publisher>Polity Press</publisher> <date>2005</date> </imprint> </item> … </literatureList>

  7. A database is a collection of structured and related data which is organised and arranged in such a way that storage and retrieval efficiency can be maximised.

  8. Database Management System (DBMS) A computer program or a collection of computer programs that enables users to store, modify, and extract information from a database.

  9. Interpretation continuum Data: relatively unstructured Information: highly structured Source: Obrst and Liu, Knowledge representation, Ontological Engineering and Topic Maps, in: XML Topic Maps, 2003

  10. DIKW Pyramid

  11. Data redundancy

  12. Tables, Rows, Columns Fields (columns) Records (rows) Records (rows) Records (rows)

  13. Flat File Database

  14. “CRUD” functions

  15. Shared column foreign key primary key

  16. Primary Key

  17. The Relational Data Model E.F. Codd, “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks” (1970)

  18. Registration of loans from the National Library, The Hague: Registration of loans from the National Library, The Hague: Visitors:Dr.Mr. Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (Zwolle, 14 January 1798 - Den Haag, 4 June 1872) D. Blankenheym (Rotterdam, 25 March1797 - Rotterdam, 6 September 1872)Mr. W.A.A.J. baron Schimmelpenninck van der Oye (Voorst, 18 september 1834 - Voorst, 31 augustus 1889)Mr. W.C. baron van Pallandt van Waardenburg (The Hague, 12 October 1836 - Waardenburg, 22 May 1905)

  19. Entity-Relationship Modelling Essentially a technique which can be used to visualise the various relationships between the entities in a database.

  20. LIBRARY USER AUTHOR BOOK

  21. AUTHOR P_ID FIRST_NAMELAST_NAMEDATE_OF_BIRTHDATE_OF_DEATHNATIONALITY Attributes PK is underlined

  22. writes BOOK AUTHOR is enrolled in COURSE STUDENT works for COMPANY EMPLOYEE owns BOOK LIBRARY

  23. cardinality • How many instances of the entity can be related to how many instance of another entity? • The answer to this question should be one of the following: one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many.

  24. PUBLISHER - BOOK STUDENT - COURSE COUNTRY - CAPITAL LIBRARY - BOOK COUNTRY - RIVER EMPLOYEE - COMPANY

  25. ER diagrams: notational conventions • Relationships are represented by a line connecting the two entities. The name of the relationship is written above the line. Relationship names should be verbs. • Cardinality of many is represented by a line ending in a crow's foot.

  26. one-to-one CAPITAL COUNTRY one-to-many BOOK AUTHOR many-to-many STUDENT COURSE

  27. Many-to-many relationships Person1 Company1 Person2 Company1 Person1 Company2 Person3 Company2 Person2 Company3 Person3 Company3

  28. COMPANY PERSON (employer) (employee) ? P_ID C_ID [ DETAILS ] [ DETAILS ] many many EMPLOYMENT E_ID P_ID C_ID [ DETAILS ]

  29. Important Principles • There must always be a one-to-one relationship between an entity’s primary key and its descriptive attributes. • There can only be one-to-many relationships between different entities. • In the case of many-to-many relationships, a separate table must be created (a linking table) in order to record information about this relationship.

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