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EMiL Experimental Methods in Linguistics

worp vs warp . EMiL Experimental Methods in Linguistics. yellow. black. Halszka Bąk & Rafał Jończyk Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University. Research origins. Linguistics : magpie research methods . Psycholinguistics : psychology.

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EMiL Experimental Methods in Linguistics

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  1. worp vs warp EMiLExperimentalMethods in Linguistics yellow black Halszka Bąk & Rafał Jończyk Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University

  2. Researchorigins

  3. Linguistics: magpieresearchmethods. Psycholinguistics: psychology. Neurolinguistics: psychology and neuroscience.

  4. Experimentaltasks

  5. LexicalDecisiontask Cat Aim: ortographyand semanticprocessing Presentation duration: 20ms, 150ms, 200ms, 250ms? Stimuliplacement: centre of the screen? Periphery? depends on yourgoals! Lafil ?

  6. SemanticDecisiontask The coffee was too hot to… DRINK The coffee was too hot to…EAT AIM: Processing of meaning/semantics Hospital Doctor Doctor Rose ? ?

  7. Word/Picture namingtask

  8. Stroop task Aim: investigatinginterference in the RTs of a task; conflictbetweenwordmeaning and itscolour Emotional Stroop task: capturesattention and RTs to emotional vs non-emotionalstimuli Name the colour: deathvsidea Green Blue Red

  9. Discrimination task Which face ismore happy? Failla et al. 2003

  10. Dichoticlisteningtask Aim: • selectiveattention; • hemisphericlateralizationof sounds and perception

  11. Free-wordrecall

  12. Word recognition Dog leaf yellowleaflet punk green cat skin deadideal PNJA death nursehospital workshopdoctor housestick dog leaf yellowleaflet punkgreen catskin deadideal PNJA death nursehospital workshopdoctor housestick

  13. Task 1tasksheet, page 2 & 3

  14. Types of data &methods of interpretation

  15. Quantitativedata Reaction/Response Times (RTs): measured in miliseconds (ms) influenced by: priming, emotionalstates, attention, etc.

  16. Quantitative data Accuracyrates (ACC) or Error rates (ER): measured in 1s (correct) and 0s (incorrect) influenced by: bilingualism, fallacies, cognitivedeficits, etc.

  17. Qualitative data Facialexpression Prosody (speech contour) Gestures Body language Etc.

  18. Physiological data Galvanic Skin Response (GSR; alsoSkin ConductanceResponse (SCRs)) Measures skin conductivity in microSiemens (mS) influenced by: stimulus modality, intensity, etc.

  19. Physiological data Heartrate (HR) measured in beats per minute (BPM) influenced by: stimuliintensity, participant’shealth, etc.

  20. Physiological data EEG: Event-RelatedPotentials (ERPs): measured in microVolts / sec unrivalledtemporalrsolution

  21. Physiological Data Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): blood / waterdiffusionmoleculesmeasured in voxels greatspatial resolution poortemporal resolution

  22. !!! YourHYPOTHESESdeterminewhatTYPES OF DATA youwillCOLLECT

  23. Task 2tasksheet, page 3

  24. ResearchQuestions & Hypotheses

  25. Researchquestion frames a problem to be addressed & resolvedin research

  26. Hypothesis A predictionabout a relationshipbetween Two (ormore) variables

  27. A solid hypothesisis… ...Testable confirmorfalsify the hypothesis …Supportable provideempiricalevidence to confirm/falsify the hypothesis …Grounded groundyourhypothesis in theory/previousresearch …Relevant fill a gap in the research, resolveinconsistency, etc.

  28. Special case… …Nullhypothesis- Nº No relationshipbetween the variables It isalwaysthere fail to reject Nº = cannotdrawconclusions from yourresearch

  29. Task 3tasksheet, page 4

  30. Variables

  31. A variableis…? …somethingthatchangesorvaries e.g. amongpeople (IQ, gender, etc.)

  32. Independent variable the aspectyoumanipulate to influence the end results e.g. instruction, types of stimuli, types of participants priming, etc. Whatisthe causeof a givenphenomenon? the cause= independent variable

  33. Dependent variable the end result(hard data) e.g. RTs, ACC, ER, ERPs, etc. e.g. the amount of timeyouchoose to spenddoinggrammarexercisesdeterminesyourfinalscore on the PNJA exam in June ;)

  34. summingup Hypothesis: Positive sentence context makes processing of positive words faster and more accurate. Prediction: faster & more accurate processing of ”+” WORDS in ”+” SENTENCE context. Independent variable: sentence context, word valence. Dependent Variable: RTs, ACC/ER Type of relationship: ”+” SENTENCE causessmaller RTs and greater ACC in responses to ”+”WORDS.

  35. Task 4tasksheet, page 4

  36. Experimental Design

  37. The simpleexperiment • Definehypothesis • Specify and definevariables. • Participants: experimental vs. control groups. • Random assignment of participants to groups • Collect dependent variable • No significantresult – no effect, no interpretation if you cannot randomly assign participants to your different groups, you cannot do a simple experiment

  38. 2 x 2 design 2 independent variables& 2 levels of eachvariable (positive; negative) x (congruent; incongruent) Gloria accidentally poured boiling water over herself and was BURNT / ROMANTIC* Their honeymoon in the gorgeous scenery of Paris was veryROMANTIC / BURNT*

  39. Reliability & Validity

  40. Validity Internal External Ecological

  41. Internalvalidity A  B Your data reflects the realityunderinvestigation:independent variables and theirmanipulation

  42. Threats to internalvalidity • Testing: pre-testsmaycausebiases • Instrumentation: pre- and post-testsmustmatch • Regression: biasedparticipantselection • Confoundingvariable: not properlycontrolled, manipulatedorunnoticed

  43. Externalvalidity Resultscan be generalized to the widerpopulation

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