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CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry

Titanium compounds. TiCl 3 violet solid catalyst for making polyethylene (Lewis acid). TiCl 4 colorless molecular covalent liquid. CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry. TiCl 2 black solid strong reducing agent. Titanium production and uses. CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry.

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CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry

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  1. Titanium compounds TiCl3 violet solid catalyst for making polyethylene (Lewis acid) TiCl4 colorless molecular covalent liquid CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry TiCl2 black solid strong reducing agent

  2. Titanium production and uses CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry

  3. Vanadium chemistry CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry

  4. Vanadium halides Halides: VCl2 has a structure like TiCl2 VCl2 Strong reducing agent Dissolves to give [V(H2O)6]2+ VCl3 has a structure like TiCl3 VBr3 and VI3are similar Strong Lewis acid; V(III) forms complex ions, like VCl63– CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry

  5. Vanadium halides and oxides VCl4 is a liquid, and a molecular covalent halide Strong oxidizing agent Reacts with water and with alkali, giving VO2+ VCl5 can not be made (too high a reduction potential) VO2+, the vanadyl cation, is very stable, and forms a large number of salts V2O3 has a structure like Al2O3, but is a purely basic oxide, giving V3+ in acid solution VO2 is like TiO2, and is used in opto-electronics. V2O5 is an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent VO is an ionic rocksalt-like oxide V2O5 + 6 OH– → 2 VO43– + 3 H2O CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry V2O5 + 2 H+ → 2 VO2+ + H2O V2O5 + 2 e– + 6 H+ → 2 VO2+ + 3 H2O

  6. Chromium CrCl2 is an ionic solid and dissolves to give blue [Cr(H2O)6]2+, a reducing agent. Cr3+ + e– ⇌ Cr2+ E° = −0.41 It can even reduce water, in the presence of acid CrCl3 is network covalent. Cr2+ Cr3+ Strong Lewis acid CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry Rubies are Cr2O3 impurities in a Al2O3 lattice Cr (IV) and Cr (V) compounds are usually unstable to disproportionation

  7. Chromium VI compounds CrO3 is network covalent CrO3 + H2O → CrO42– + 2 H+ It dissolves in water to give chromate and dichromate ions 2 CrO42– + 2 H3O+ → Cr2O72– + 3 H2O Both are strong oxidizing agents CrO42– + 8 H+ + 3 e– → Cr3+ + 3 H2O Cr2O72– + 14 H+ + 6 e– → 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O E° = 1.33 V CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry There is no Cr(VI) chloride. Why?

  8. Manganese chemistry CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry

  9. Manganese compounds MnCl2 has a structure like TiCl2 Dissolves to give [Mn(H2O)6]2+ MnF3 has a structure like VCl3 MnF4 is a molecular covalent solid and a violent oxidizing/fluorinating agent CHEM 114 Fundamental Chemistry Mn2O7 is a molecular covalent liquid and an explosive Potassium permanganate KMnO4 is a widely used oxidizing agent

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