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Advanced Higher Physics

This overview explores the principles of inductance, magnetic flux, and induced electromotive force (EMF). Magnetic flux, measured by the equation φ = BA, quantifies the magnetism within a designated area. Solenoids generate a magnetic field when current flows through them, with the direction dictated by current flow. Furthermore, induced EMF arises from the motion of conductors in a magnetic field, following Faraday's Law, which relates EMF magnitude to the rate of change of magnetic flux. Applications include magnetic media in recordings, electric guitars, and microphones.

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Advanced Higher Physics

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  1. Advanced Higher Physics Inductors & Inductance

  2. Magnetic Flux • Magnetic flux, , is a measure of the magnetism in an area, given by –  = B A where -  - magnetic flux (Wb) B - magnetic induction (T) A – area perpendicular to magnetic field lines (m2)

  3. Solenoids 1 • A coil carrying an electrical current is known as a solenoid. • The current induces a magnetic field in the coil • The direction of the field is determined by the direction of the current in the coil.

  4. Induced EMF 1 • Any conductor contains ‘free electrons’ • When moving within a magnetic field individual electrons in a conductor experience a force, F = B I l sin, causing them to move • This results in an induced EMF. • Motion is relative – conductor in field or field past conductor.

  5. Induced EMF 2 • SCHOLAR DEMO • Size of induced EMF relates to – • Speed of motion • Direction of motion • No. of turns on coil • EMF is caused by changing magnetic flux

  6. Induced EMF 3 • Magnitude of EMF is related to rate of change of magnetic flux (Faraday’s Law) • If the magnetic field strength is changing, an EMF is induced in a conductor placed in the field. • So an EMF can be induced by changing the strength of a magnetic field without needing to physically move a magnet or a conductor.

  7. Uses of Magnetic Induction 1 • Video & audio cassette players, hard drives are magnetic media. • Information is recorded onto a magnetic tape or disc, which passes a coil with an iron core (reading head), inducing a current. • The current provides the signal required for the system

  8. Uses of Magnetic Induction 2 • Electric guitars use steel strings and magnetic pick-ups • As the strings vibrate, the magnetic field of the pick-up changes • A coil wrapped around the magnet has a current induced, producing a signal • The signal is amplified and sent to a loudspeaker

  9. Uses of Magnetic Induction 3 • Microphones have a diaphragm connected to a coil which moves within a magnetic field • Sound wave cause the diaphragm and coil to vibrate inside the magnetic field, inducing a current. • The signal is amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.

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