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HA Cluster SuperDome Configurations

HA Cluster SuperDome Configurations. John Foxcroft, BCC/Availability Clusters Solutions Lab HA Products Support Planning and Training. Version 1.0 9/22/00. HA Cluster Review HA Cluster Architectures Cluster Quorum Cluster Lock Power Requirements Disaster Tolerant Solutions

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HA Cluster SuperDome Configurations

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  1. HA Cluster SuperDome Configurations John Foxcroft, BCC/Availability Clusters Solutions Lab HA Products Support Planning and Training Version 1.0 9/22/00

  2. HA Cluster Review HA Cluster Architectures Cluster Quorum Cluster Lock Power Requirements Disaster Tolerant Solutions Single Cabinet Configuration Multi Cabinet Configurations Mixed Server Configurations Disaster Tolerant Solutions with SuperDome References FAQ’s Lab Exercises HA Cluster SuperDome Configurations

  3. Range of HA Cluster Architectures Continental Clusters Metro Cluster Campus Cluster • Separate Clusters • “Push-Button” Failover • Between Cities Local Cluster • Single Cluster • Automatic Failover • Same City Flexibility & Functionality • Single Cluster • Automatic Failover • Same Site • Single Cluster • Automatic Failover • Same data center Distance SuperDome is fully supported across all HA Cluster Architectures !

  4. Database Tier Application Tier Clients MC/ServiceGuard • MC/ServiceGuardFeatures: • Multi OS • One-stop GUI • Rolling upgrade • Tape sharing • 16 nodes • No idle system • Online reconfiguration • Automatic Failback • Rotating standby • Closely integrated with OS, HP-UX

  5. Examples of Failures and Dynamic Quorum 100% quorum to boot unless using the manual override -f of cmruncl 4 nodes 1 2 3 4 3 left out of 4 > 50% quorum (no lock required) 1 2 3 4 3 4 2 3 4 1 left of 2 = 50% quorum Cluster Lock needed to form cluster 2 left of 3 > 50% quorum

  6. Examples of Failures and Dynamic Quorum 2 left out of 4 = 50% quorum Cluster Lock needed to form cluster 1 2 3 4 3 left out of 5 > 50% quorum (no lock required) 1 2 3 4 5 2 left out of 5 < 50% quorum Cluster goes down ! 1 2 3 4 5

  7. A Cluster Lock Disk is required in a 2 node cluster (recommended for 3,4 nodes) to provide a tie breaker for the cluster after a failure. Cluster Lock Disk is supported for up to 4 nodes maximum. Must be a disk that is connected to all nodes Is a normal data disk, lock functionality only used after a node failure B B Cluster Lock Disk Cluster Lock A A

  8. Care should be taken to make sure a single power supply failure does not take out: Half the nodes and Cluster lock disk A A Secure Power Supply Cluster Lock A’ A’

  9. Each partition is equivalent to a traditional standalone server running and OS Each partition comes equipped with: core I/O, other I/O and LAN connections Each partition connects to: boot devices, data disks, removable media (DVD-ROM and/or DAT) Redundant components exist in each partition as an attempt to remove SPOFs (single-points-of-failure) redundant I/O interfaces (disk and LAN) redundant heartbeat LANs boot devices protected via mirroring (MirrorDisk/UX or RAID) critical data protected via mirroring (MirrorDisk/UX or RAID) LAN protection auto-port aggregation for Ethernet LANs MC/SG for Ethernet & FDDI Hyperfabic and ATM provide their own LAN failover abilities HA SuperDome Configurations Remarks/Assumptions

  10. Any partition that is protected by MC/SG can be configured in a cluster with: a standalone system another partition within the same SuperDome cabinet (see HA considerations for more details). another SuperDome Any partition that is protected by MC/SG contains as many redundant components as possible to further reduce the chance of failure. For example: Dual AC power to a cabinet is recommended, if possible Redundant I/O chassis attached to a different cell is recommended, if possible HA SuperDome Configurations Remarks/Assumptions

  11. 3 Single Points of Failure (SPOF) have been identified within single cabinet 16-Way and 32-Way systems and dual cabinet 64-Way systems: system clock, power monitor.system backplane To configure an HA cluster with no SPOF, the membership must extend beyond a single cabinet: must be configured such that the failure of a single cabinet does not result in the failure of a majority of the nodes in the cluster. cluster lock device must be powered independently of the cabinets containing the cluster nodes. Some customers want a “cluster in a box” configuration. MC/ServiceGuard will support this configuration, however it needs to be recognized that it does contain SPOFs that will bring down the entire cluster. Mixed OS and ServiceGuard revisions should only exist temporarily while performing a rolling upgrade within a cluster. 64-Way dual cabinet systems connected with flex cables have worse SPOF characteristics than single cabinet 16-Way and 32-Way systems. There is no HA advantage to configure a cluster within a 64-Way system vs. across two 16 or 32-Way systems. Optional AC input power on a separate circuit is recommended HA SuperDome Configurations CabinetConsiderations

  12. Cluster heartbeat will be done over LAN connections between SuperDome partitions. Redundant heartbeat paths are required and can be accomplished by using either multiple heartbeat subnets or via standby interface cards. Redundant heartbeat paths should be configured in separate I/O modules (I/O card cages) when possible. Redundant paths to storage devices used by the cluster are required and can be accomplished using either disk mirroring or via LVM’s pvlinks. Redundant storage device paths should be configured in separate I/O modules (I/O card cages) when possible. HA SuperDome Configurations I/OConsiderations

  13. HA SuperDome Configurations Redundant I/OPaths Example Partition 1 Partition 2 I/O Card Cage 1 1 FW SCSI Card Core I/O Card 12 Slots Total I/O Card Cage 1 1 FW SCSI Card Core I/O Card 12 Slots Total Cell Primary Path Cell I/O Card Cage 2 1 FW SCSI Card 12 Slots Total I/O Card Cage 2 1 FW SCSI Card 12 Slots Total Cell Cell Mirror/Alternate Path 1 Copy of HP-UX running in this partition 1 Copy of HP-UX running in this partition * Redundant paths are required for shared storage devices in a cluster * MirrorDisk/UX or PV-Links can be configured to provide alternate paths to to disk volumes and protect against I/O card failure (Logical Volume Manager feature) * At least two I/O card cages per partition are recommended to protect against I/O Card Cage failure

  14. Cluster Lock HA Single Cabinet Configuration “Cluster in a Box” One 16W, 32W or 64W System • Notes: • Considered a "Single System" HA solution • SPOFs in the cabinet can cause the entire cluster to fail(SPOF’s:clock, backplane, power monitor). • A four node (four partition) cluster is supported within a 16-Way system (*). • Up to a eight node (eight partition) cluster is supported within a 32-Way system (*). • Up to a sixteen node (sixteen partition) cluster is supported within a 64-Way system (*) • Cluster lock required for two partition configurations • Cluster lock must be powered independently of the cabinet. • N+1 power supplies required (included in base price of SD) • Dual power connected to independent power circuits required • Root volume mirrors must be on separate power circuits. Cell Partition 1 Cell Two node ServiceGuard Cluster Cell Partition 2 Cell

  15. Cluster Lock HA Multi Cabinet Configuration Two Independent 16-Way or 32-Way Systems • Notes: • No SPOF configuration. • Cluster lock is required if cluster is wholly contained within two 16-Way or 32-Way systems (due to possible 50% cluster membership failure). • ServiceGuard only supports cluster lock up to four nodes, thus two cabinet solution is limited to four nodes. • Two cabinet configurations, must evenly divide nodes between the cabinets (i.e.. 3 and 1 is not a legal 4 node configuration). • Cluster lock must be powered independently of either cabinet • N+1 power supplies required • Dual power connected to independent power circuits required. • Root volume mirrors must be on separate power circuits Cell Cell Partition 1 Partition 1 Two node ServiceGuard cluster Cell Cell Cell Cell Partition 2 Partition 2 Other independent nodes Cell Cell Partition 3 Partition 3

  16. Cluster Lock Cluster Lock HA Multi Cabinet Configuration Two Independent 32-Way Systems Two 4-node clusters • Notes: • No SPOF configuration. • Cluster lock is required if a cluster is wholly contained within two 16-Way or 32-Way systems (due to possible 50% cluster membership failure). • ServiceGuard only supports cluster lock up to four nodes, thus two cabinet solution is limited to four nodes. • Two cabinet configurations, must evenly divide nodes between the cabinets (i.e.. 3 and 1 is not a legal 4 node configuration). • Cluster lock must be powered independently of either cabinet • N+1 power supplies required • Dual power connected to independent power circuits required. • Root volume mirrors must be on separate power circuits Cell Cell Partition 1 Partition 1 Cell Cell Four node ServiceGuard cluster Cell Cell Partition 2 Partition 2 Cell Cell Cell Cell Partition 1 Partition 1 Cell Cell Four node ServiceGuard cluster Cell Cell Partition 2 Partition 2 Cell Cell

  17. 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM Cluster Lock 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM Partition 1 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM HA Multi Cabinet Configuration64-Way System 64-Way System (dual cabinet) 64-Way System (dual cabinet) Two node ServiceGuard cluster 4 CPU 8 GB RAM 4 CPU 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPU 8 GB RAM 4 CPU 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM Partition 2 Partition 2 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM Partition 1 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPU 8 GB RAM 4 CPU 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPU 8 GB RAM 4 CPU 8 GB RAM Partition 3 Partition 3 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM 4 CPUs 8 GB RAM

  18. HA Mixed Configurations • Notes: • Cluster configuration can contain a mixture of SuperDome and non-SuperDome nodes. • Care must be taken to maintain an even or greater number of nodes outside of the SuperDome cabinet. • Using an even number of nodes within and outside of the Superdome requires a cluster lock (maximum cluster size of four nodes). • Cluster lock is not supported for clusters with greater than four nodes. • ServiceGuard supports up to 16 nodes • A cluster size of greater than four nodes requires more nodes to be outside the Superdome. • Without a cluster lock, beware of configurations where the failure of a SuperDome cabinet will cause the remain nodes to be 50% or less quorum - the cluster will fail ! 16-Way, 32-Way or 64-Way System and other HP9000 servers Four node ServiceGuard cluster Cell N-Class Partition 1 Cluster Lock Cell N-Class Cell Partition 2 Cell

  19. HA Mixed Configurations • Notes: • Cluster configuration can contain a mixture of SuperDome and non-SuperDome nodes. • Care must be taken to maintain an even or greater number of nodes outside of the SuperDome cabinet. • Using an even number of nodes within and outside of the Superdome requires a cluster lock (maximum cluster size of four nodes). • Cluster lock is not supported for clusters with greater than four nodes. • ServiceGuard supports up to 16 nodes • A cluster size of greater than four nodes requires more nodes to be outside the Superdome. • Without a cluster lock, beware of configurations where the failure of a SuperDome cabinet will cause the remain nodes to be 50% or less quorum - the cluster will fail ! 16-Way, 32-Way or 64-Way System and other HP9000 servers Five node ServiceGuard cluster Cell N-Class Partition 1 No Cluster Lock Cell N-Class Cell Partition 2 N-Class Cell

  20. HA Mixed ConfigurationsUsing a low end system as an arbitrator 16-Way, 32-Way or 64-Way System and other HP9000 servers • Notes: • A cluster size of greater than four nodes requires more nodes to be outside the Superdome. • One option is to configure a low end system to act only as an arbitrator (providing >50% quorum outside the SuperDome). • Requires redundant heartbeat LANs. • System on separate power circuit. • The SMS (Support Management Station) A-class system could be used for this purpose. • A180 • A400, A500 • External LAN connections only(Built-in 100/BT card not supported with ServiceGuard) Five node ServiceGuard cluster Cell N-Class Partition 1 No Cluster Lock Cell N-Class Cell Partition 2 A-Class Cell

  21. HA Mixed Configurations 16-Way, 32-Way or 64-Way System and other HP9000 servers • Notes: • Cluster configuration can contain a mixture of SuperDome and non-SuperDome nodes. • Care must be taken to maintain an even or greater number of nodes outside of the SuperDome cabinet. • Using an even number of nodes within and outside of the Superdome requires a cluster lock (maximum cluster size of four nodes). • Cluster lock is not supported for clusters with greater than four nodes. • ServiceGuard supports up to 16 nodes • A cluster size of greater than four nodes requires more nodes to be outside the Superdome. • Without a cluster lock, beware of configurations where the failure of a SuperDome cabinet will cause the remain nodes to be 50% or less quorum - the cluster will fail ! Five node ServiceGuard cluster Cell N-Class Partition 1 No Cluster Lock Cell N-Class Cell Partition 2 N-Class Cell N-Class down for maintenance, SPOF (SD) causes 50% quorum, Cluster fails !

  22. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) Question:Can I configure a ServiceGuard cluster within a single SuperDome cabinet ? Answer: Yes, it is supported to configure a cluster within a single cabinet (16W, 32W or 64W). Recognize that this configuration contain SPOF’s that can bring down the entire cluster. Question: In a two cabinet configuration (using 16W, 32W or 64W systems), can I configure 1 node in one cabinet and 3 nodes in the other ? Answer: No, there are only two valid ways to create a cluster between two SuperDome systems; a 2 node cluster (1 node in one cabinet, 1 node in the other), or a 4 node cluster (2 nodes in one cabinet, 2 nodes in the other). Question: Is a lock disk required for a 4 node (two cabinet) configuration ? Answer: Yes, since a single failure can take down exactly half of the cluster nodes. Question: Are dual power cables recommended in each cabinet ? Answer: Yes, this optional feature should be ordered in HA configurations Question: Can a cluster be four 32W systems each with one partition of 8 cells wide ? Answer: Yes, single partition SuperDome systems (and non-SuperDome nodes) could be configured in up to a 16 node cluster. Question: Are SuperDomes supported in Campus/Metro Cluster and ContinentalCluster configurations ? Answer: Yes, subject to the rules covered in this presentation. Question: Is heartbeat handled any differently between partitions within SuperDome boxes ? Answer: Heartbeat is done over LAN connections between partitions. From the ServiceGuard perspective, each partition is just another HP-UX node.

  23. References • ACSL Product Support information (patches, PSP, etc.)see http://haweb.cup.hp.com/Support, or Kmine • MC/ServiceGuard Users Manual • Designing Disaster Tolerant HA Clusters Users Manualsee http://docs.hp.com/hpux/ha • XP256 Documentationsee http://docs.hp.com/hpux/systems/#massstorage • HPWorld ‘99 Tutorial: “Disaster-Tolerant, Highly Available Cluster Architectures”see http://docs.hp.com/hpux/ha or http://haweb.cup.hp.com/ATC/WP

  24. Additional Refresher Slides

  25. Database Tier Application Tier Clients MC/ServiceGuard • MC/ServiceGuardFeatures: • Multi OS • One-stop GUI • Rolling upgrade • Tape sharing • 16 nodes • No idle system • Online reconfiguration • Automatic Failback • Rotating standby • Closely integrated with OS, HP-UX

  26. End-User Clients ServiceGuard OPS Edition • ServiceGuard OPS EditionFeatures: • Same protection functionality for applications as MC/SG • Additional protection for Oracle database • Parallel database environment for increased availability and scalability

  27. ServiceGuard Comparative Features

  28. Campus Cluster Solution = MC/SG + Fibre Channel Heartbeat FC Hub FC Hub Fibre Channel FC Hub FC Hub ~10km

  29. Campus Cluster Comparative Features

  30. MetroCluster with Continuous Access XP • Protect against Tornadoes, Fires, Floods • Rapid, automatic site recovery without human intervention • Effective between systems that are up to 43km apart • Provides very high cluster performance • Backed by collaborative implementation, training and support services from HP • Also available: MetroCluster with EMC SRDF, using EMC Symmetrix Disk Arrays Delivering city-wide automated fail-over HP 9000 Systems Manhattan Manhattan New Jersey HP SureStore E Disk Arrays HP Continuous Access XP

  31. MetroCluster Comparative Features

  32. HP ContinentalClusters ClusterDetection DataReplication • Highest levels of availability & disaster tolerance • Reduces downtime from days to minutes • Locate data centers at economically and/or strategically best locations • Transparent to applications and data • Push button failover across 1000s of km • Supports numerous wide area data replication tools for complete data protection • Comprehensive Support and Consulting Services as well as Business Recovery Services for planning, design, support, and rehearsal • Requires CSS support or greater

  33. ContinentalClusters: Comparative Features Cluster Topology Two Clusters, each up to 16 nodes Geography Continental or Inter-continental Network Subnets Dual IP Subnets Network Types Dedicated Ethernet or FDDI within each data center, Wide Area Network (WAN) between data centers Cluster Lock Disk Required for 2 nodes, optional for 3-4 nodes, not used with larger clusters Failover Type Semi-Automatic Failover Direction Uni-directional Data Replication Physical, in hardware (XP256 CA or EMC SRDF) Logical in software (Oracle Standby Database, etc.)

  34. Two Data Center Campus ClusterArchitecture (# 1) Cell Partition 1 A A A' A' Cell CL 1 NW NW Cell Partition 2 NW NW CL 2 Cell B B B' B' Data Center A Data Center B SuperDome SuperDome Physical Data Replication using MirrorDisk/UX Cell Partition 1 Cell Highly Available Network Cell Partition 2 Physical Data Replication using MirrorDisk/UX Cell • Example: 4-node campus cluster using 16-way, 32-way or 64-way systems and fibre channel for disk connectivity (500 meters point-to-point, 10 kilometers using long wave ports with FCAL hubs) • Recommend multi cabinet SuperDome configurations at each data center for increased availability • Each data center must contain the same number of nodes (partitions) • Use of MirrorDisk/UX is required to mirror data between the data centers • All systems are connected to both mirror copies of data for packages they can run • All systems must be connected to the redundant heartbeat network links • MUST have dual cluster lock disks, with all systems connected to both of them • MAXIMUM cluster size is currently 4 nodes when using cluster lock disks

  35. Three Data Center Campus Architecture (#2) Cell Cell Partition 1 Partition 1 A A A' A' Cell Cell NW NW Cell Cell Partition 2 Partition 2 NW NW Cell Cell B B B' B' NW NW Data Center A Data Center B SuperDome SuperDome Physical Data Replication using MirrorDisk/UX Highly Available Network Physical Data Replication with MirrorDisk/UX 1 or 2 Arbitrator System(s) • Maximum cluster size - 16 nodes with HP-UX 11.0 and later 11.x versions • Recommend multi cabinet SuperDome configurations at each data center for increased availability • Same number of nodes in each non-Arbitrator data center to maintain quorum in case an entire data center fails • Arbitrators need not beconnected to the replicated data • No Cluster Lock Disk(s) • All non-Arbitrator systems mustbe connected to both replicacopies of the data • All systems must be connectedto the redundant heartbeatnetwork links Data Center C

  36. Three Data Center MetroCluster Architecture Cell Cell Partition 1 Partition 1 Cell Cell NW NW Cell Cell Partition 2 Partition 2 NW NW Cell Cell NW NW Data Center A Data Center B SuperDome SuperDome Physical Data Replication with EMC SRDF or XP256 CA Highly Available Network Physical Data Replication with EMC SRDF or XP256 CA 1 or 2 Arbitrator System(s) • Maximum cluster size - 16 nodes with HP-UX 11.0 and later 11.x versions • Recommend multi cabinet SuperDome configuration at each data center for increased availability • Same number of nodes in each non-Arbitrator data center to maintain quorum in case an entire data center fails • Arbitrators need not beconnected to the replicated data • No Cluster Lock Disk(s) • Systems are not connectedto both replica copies of the data(cannot have two distinct devicesaccessible with the same VGID) • All systems must be connectedto the redundant heartbeatnetwork links Data Center C

  37. Two Data Center ContinentalClusters Architecture SuperDome SuperDome Cell Cell Partition 1 Partition 1 Cell Cell NW NW SuperDome SuperDome Cell Cell NW NW Partition 1 Partition 1 Cell Cell Primary Cluster Recovery Cluster Highly Available Wide Area Network (WAN) Physical or Logical Data Replication Physical or Logical Data Replication Data Center B Data Center A • Recommend multi cabinet SuperDome configuration at each data center for increased availability • Use of cluster lock disks requires three power circuits in each cluster • HA WAN is used for both data replication and inter-cluster monitoring • Systems are not connected to both replica copies of the data (hosts in each cluster are connected to only one copy of the data) • Each cluster must separately conform to heartbeat network requirements • Each cluster must separately conform to quorum rules (cluster lock disks or Arbitrators)

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