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Understanding Intelligent Agents: Types, Functions, and Rational Behavior

kordell avatar
kordell
14 diapositives · 358 Views · Jul 10, 2014

An intelligent agent perceives its environment through sensors and acts upon it using actuators. This encompasses human agents, with sensory inputs like eyes and ears, and robotic agents using cameras and sensors. The concept of a rational agent revolves around making optimal choices based on environmental perceptions and built-in knowledge. The PEAS model (Performance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors) guides the design of intelligent systems, such as automated taxi drivers, ensuring they achieve safety, efficiency, and legality while maximizing profits.

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  1. Intelligent Agents

  2. Agents • An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators • Human agent: • Sensors: eyes, ears, etc. • Actuators: hands, legs, mouth • Robotic agent: • Sensors: cameras and infrared range finders • Actuators: various motors

  3. Intelligent Agent Artificial Intelligence

  4. Intelligent Agent Perception-Action Cycle

  5. Intelligent Agent Robot • RGB Camera • Depth Camera • Microphone The Real World • Movement • Speech

  6. Intelligent Starcraft Agent • Your Moves The Map and You • Own Moves

  7. Intelligent […] • Intelligent Search • Intelligent Medicine • Intelligent Banking • Intelligent Path Finding • …

  8. Rational agents • An agent should strive to “do the right thing,” based on what it can perceive and the actions it can perform. The right action is the one that will cause the agent to be most successful. ?

  9. Measures of success • Performance measure: An objective criterion for success of an agent's behavior based on the observed sequence of environmental states . • Why environmental states and not agent states? • E.g., performance measure of a vacuum-cleaner agent could be • amount of dirt cleaned up • amount of time taken • amount of electricity consumed • amount of noise generated • degree of cleanliness of the room, etc.

  10. Performance measure • Sometimes called reward or goal • Quantitative! • Must be able to give it a number • General rule: • Design the performance measure based on what you want to achieve in the environment, rather than how you want the agent to behave. • Vacuum example: amount of dirt cleaned up … what happens?

  11. Rational agents (refined definition) • Rational Agent: For each possible percept sequence, a rational agent should select an action that is expected to maximize its performance measure, given the evidence provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge the agent has.

  12. Rational agents • Rationality is distinct from omniscience (all-knowing with infinite knowledge) • Agents can perform actions in order to modify future percepts so as to obtain useful information (information gathering, exploration) • An agent is autonomous if its behavior is determined by its own experience (with ability to learn and adapt)

  13. PEAS • PEAS: Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors • Consider the task of designing an automated taxi driver: • Performance measure • Environment • Actuators • Sensors

  14. Intelligent Agent Design Using PEAS • Designing an automated taxi driver: • Performance measure: Safe, fast, legal, comfortable trip, maximize profits • Environment: Roads, other traffic, pedestrians, customers • Actuators: Steering wheel, accelerator, brake, signal, horn • Sensors: Cameras, sonar, speedometer, GPS, odometer, engine sensors, keyboard