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SEA Experience World-wide and in Africa Reinoud Post NCEA

2. SEA state of the art worldwide. SEA emerged through 1990sNow spread worldwide:all developed countriesmany organizationsmandatory in some developing countries; emerging in many. 3. SEA state of the art worldwide. Broad consensus on need

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SEA Experience World-wide and in Africa Reinoud Post NCEA

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    1. 1 SEA Experience World-wide and in Africa Reinoud Post NCEA

    2. 2 SEA state of the art worldwide SEA emerged through 1990s Now spread worldwide: all developed countries many organizations mandatory in some developing countries; emerging in many

    3. 3 SEA state of the art worldwide Broad consensus on need & principles All EU countries (EU directive), North America, Australia and New Zealand have SEA Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness requires SEA for development assistance WB imposes SEA for sector support CBD recommends SEA Strong development of use of SEA in ASIA and parts of Latin America Use in Africa on the increase (e.g. South Africa) But still a learning process

    4. 4 learning from the negative CASE: THERMAL POWER GENERATION POLICY, PAKISTAN KEY ISSUE This policy provided incentives for investments in thermal power generation Various investors were given the freedom to choose the site, the technology and the fuel No SEA was undertaken but Environmental Impact Assessments were made for the individual power plants KEY COSTS Relocation of plants due to public pressure and lobbying at considerable cost. Delayed delivery of energy.

    5. 5 CASE: INDUSTRIAL AREA FOR TANNERIES IN SRI LANKA KEY ISSUE New policy to relocate polluting tanneries to a dedicated industrial area on the coast No SEA was undertaken Industrial area build with waste water treatment and overflow draining pipe into sea Heavy opposition of fishing communities despite EIA showed no harm to fish stocks KEY COSTS Investment in industrial area was lost as no tannery nor any other industry dared to relocate Pollution at old locations continues

    6. 6 Cases from the AFRICA EXPERIENCE

    7. 7 CASE: TRANSBOUNDARY EA IN THE NILE BASIN KEY ISSUE Nile countries rely on efficient water management Transboundary environmental assessment was carried out to coordinate their interests. KEY BENEFITS Prioritised set of transboundary environmental threats and an environmental action plan. Enhanced regional cooperation on transboundary environmental and natural resources issues. Establishment of micro-grant fund to support community level initiatives.

    8. 8 CASE: SEA FOR WATER USE, SOUTH AFRICA KEY ISSUES The catchment was under water stress and there was no surplus for allocation to new users; Inequity in allocating water resources between commercial sectors and the community existed. KEY BENEFITS SEA helped to provide decision-makers with reliable data from the catchments for more informed decisions.

    9. 9 case: Regional Environmental Assessment (REA) Kribi Region, Cameroons KEY ISSUES regional SEA for series development projects (energy, mining, agricultural, deep sea port) national petroleum company (SNH) did SEA (on advice of development bank) KEY BENEFITS SEA helped to find alternative (better) development options KEY PROBLEM SNH has no authority on planning whatsoever: Recommendations of SEA dont land

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    11. 11 case: The Power Development Program of NELSAP KEY ISSUES Objective: sustainable, reliable and least-cost expansion of energy production and trade, supporting development Conflict prone area with water and energy shortages KEY BENEFITS Clear ranking and phasing of energy projects An immediate action list Increased int. collaboration and interdependence

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    13. 13 case: PRSP Ghana KEY ISSUES Overall framework for Ghana economic policy and development assistance to Ghana Policies in 5 priority sectors for poverty alleviation: macro-economy production and gainful employment human resource development and basic services special programmes for the vulnerable and excluded governance Main basis for implementation of policies in sectors and district levels

    14. 14 case: PRSP Ghana KEY BENEFITS Broad awareness raising of environmental and social issues (all ministries; all districts) Clear recommendations for GPRS Good basis for sector and district development SEAs Ghana owned Good spin off SEA approach copied to redefine budgets, existing and new policies New budget lines (also from donors) for environmental objectives Strengthened role for EPA in priority setting of sector ministries Set up of environmental units in sector ministries

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