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Writing Research Reports in the Biological Sciences

Writing Research Reports in the Biological Sciences . By Michael G. Smircich Biology and Marine Biology Peer Tutor. This handout is provided by the CLR. 7 Main Sections. Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results (Data) Discussion Conclusion References (works cited).

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Writing Research Reports in the Biological Sciences

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  1. Writing Research Reports in the Biological Sciences By Michael G. SmircichBiology and Marine Biology Peer Tutor This handout is provided by the CLR.

  2. 7 Main Sections • Abstract • Introduction • Materials and Methods • Results (Data) • Discussion • Conclusion • References (works cited)

  3. Abstract • Why the experiment was done • What questions/problem was addressed • How the research was done • What major results were obtained • What major conclusions were drawn • Don’t be fooled, this paragraph could make or break your entire paper!!!

  4. Introduction • Background information from previous studies that directly relates to your research • Should anticipate any questions that are discussed later • Should end with a clear statement of the specific issues that will be addressed in the report

  5. Introduction • Should NOT: • analyze results • List data • Go into detail about methods • Make any conclusions

  6. Materials and Methods • Must be descriptive • Anyone should be able to read this section and replicate your experiment • Include all details that may have influenced your results • Should NOT include details that are irrelevant • i.e. we used #2 pencils to write in our notebooks

  7. Results • Summarize your findings • Use tables, graphs, illustrations, and words • Draw readers attention to major observations, trends, and important points • Be selective about including tables and graphs • Present data only once • DO NOT INTERPRET DATA HERE!!!

  8. Results • Good or bad?

  9. Results • Now this is good!

  10. Discussion • Interpret your results • Why were your results different than expected? • How do your results compare to other similar studies? • Ideas for future research • Ways to improve your experiment for future recreations

  11. Conclusion • Reiterate your original hypothesis or question statement • Did you answer/solve your question? • Sum up your findings • Suggest ways this study can be built upon in the future

  12. Works Cited • Should include all data you referenced • Typically done in APA format • In text citations should include (Author, date of publication) after the statement you quoted • i.e. Starfish have radial symmetry (Smircich,1999) • Reference list should be in alphabetical order according to author’s last name

  13. Works Cited • Example reference • Calabrese, A., Davis, H.C. (1966). The pH tolerance of embryos and larvae of Mercenariamercenaria and Crassostreavirginica. Biological Bulletin. Vol. 131. No. 3. pp. 427-436 • For more help with APA format: • http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

  14. Acknowledgment (optional) • Some people may choose to add this section to thank anyone who has helped make their paper possible • Try to be short and concise • This can often be a tricky section • You never want to insult anyone by not including them

  15. Should I write each section in order? • Easiest method • Materials and Methods • Results • Discussion • Introduction • Abstract • Most importantly, do whatever works best for you!

  16. Thank you! If you have an questions, please email me at msmir1@unh.newhaven.edu You may request an electronic copy of this presentation

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