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Republican Era

Republican Era. A07 7.10.3. TOPIC OUTLINE. A. Republican America in the early 1800s 1. Religion: Beginnings of the Second Great Awakening 2. Women: Republican motherhood & education for women 3. Cultural Nationalism 4. Stirrings of Industry B. Jefferson's Presidency (and Madison’s)

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Republican Era

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  1. Republican Era A07 7.10.3

  2. TOPIC OUTLINE A. Republican America in the early 1800s 1. Religion: Beginnings of the Second Great Awakening 2. Women:Republicanmotherhood&educationforwomen 3. Cultural Nationalism 4. Stirrings of Industry B. Jefferson's Presidency (and Madison’s) 1. Jefferson & the National Government 2. The Courts and Marbury 3. Louisiana 4. Foreign Affairs: Troubles at Sea 5. Expansion into the trans-Appalachian West & Indian resistance C. War of 1812 and its consequences

  3. Guiding Question To what extent were developments during the period 1800-1824 consistent with the vision of Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans, as opposed to the vision of Hamilton and the Federalists?

  4. Competing Visions for America

  5. A. AMERICA IN 1800 National Development in the Early Republic

  6. 1. BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRY • Samuel Slater • Eli Whitney • cotton gin • interchangeable parts • Robert Fulton • The Clermont (1807) • Turnpikes The Cotton Gin (National Archives)

  7. Distribution of slave population1790-1820

  8. Population density: 1790 & 1820

  9. 2. RELIGION:BEGINNINGS OF THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING The Second Great Awakening, 1790-1860 • Deism • Unitarianism • Second Great Awakening (1806-30s) • camp meetings • Charles Finney • John Wesley • “burned over district’

  10. Growth of American Methodism1775-1850

  11. 3. RISE OF CULTURAL NATIONALISM • Education? - the “virtuous citizen” • DistinctivelyAmericanliterature? • Washington Irving • Noah Webster Washington Irving(Portrait Gallery)

  12. B. JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY

  13. The Election of 1800

  14. Election of 1800

  15. Election of 1800 • Jefferson vs. Burr in House of Representatives • First Peaceful Turnover of Power • Twelfth Amendment (1804) • Hamilton-Burr duel (1804) >> • Decline of Federalists

  16. Thomas Jefferson • Well over 6 feet tall • Not a good public speaker. • One of the greatest writers among U.S. Presidents • A renaissance man • Incredibly well-read in science and philosophy • Continental Congress; • assemblyman; • Gov. of Virginia.; • Author of Dec. of Independence; • Min. to France; • Sec. of State; • Vice Pres.

  17. Jefferson & National Gov’t • Views on government • strict constructionism • major functions • Alien & Sedition Acts • Army & Navy • Public spending • federal debt • Excise tax on whiskey • rest of Hamilton’s program? • simplicity as President Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1805 Collection of The New-York Historical Society

  18. 2. Struggle Over the Courts • Judiciary Act of 1801 • “Midnight appointments” • John Marshall (Ch. Justice 1801-1835) • Marbury vs. Madison(1803) • Judiciary Act of 1789 • judicial review • significance John Marshall

  19. 3. Louisiana Purchase • The Problem: right of deposit, Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)

  20. 3. Louisiana Purchase • Problem • Deal • Dilemma • Opposition • Impact

  21. Louisiana Purchase Treaty

  22. Map of the West 1802 Map of the West 1802

  23. Lewis and Clark • 1804-1806 • Purposes: • Explore new territory • Claim to Oregon • political & trade relations with Indians http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/america/interactive/map06.html

  24. 4. TROUBLES AT SEA • Significance of American Shipping • Barbary pirates

  25. 4. TROUBLES AT SEA • Napoleanic wars (1803-1814) • British Orders in Council (blockade) • Napolean’s Continental System • Impressment • < 6000 US sailors 1808-1811 • Chesapeake Affair (1807) • Embargo Act of 1807 • “Peaceable Coercion” • Why not war? • Who opposes? Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the impressment of American sailors (Library of Congress)

  26. 4. TROUBLES AT SEA • Embargo Act of 1807 (1807-1809) • Non-Intercourse Act (1809) • Effect on Britain? • Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) American Export Trade, 1790–1815

  27. James Madison • President 1809-1817 Dolley Madison(Portrait Gallery)

  28. 5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS • Trans-Appalacian settlement Population density-1790-1820 (Tecumseh: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851)

  29. C. WAR OF 1812 America's Second War for Independence?

  30. Native America, 1783-1812 5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS • Trans-Appalacian settlement • Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) • Tecumseh • Role of Britain? • William Henry Harrison • Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) (Tecumseh: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851)

  31. Presidential Election of 1812

  32. War of 1812 - Causes • War of 1812 (1812-1815) • “War Hawks” • Henry Clay (Whig -KY Lexington) • John Calhoun (Whig - SC) • Reasons US declared war 1) Impressment of sailors 2) Conflicts with Indians 3) Desire for expansion • “Mr. Madison’s War” Henry Clay

  33. War of 1812 - Fighting • York (Toronto) (1813) • Battle of Lake Erie (summer 1813) • Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry • Battle of Thames (Oct 1813) • Wm Henry Harrison • Horseshoe Bend (March 1814) • Andrew Jackson • Plattsburg (Sept 11, 1814) • Key battle of war • Attack on Washington (Aug 1814) • Baltimore – Ft. McHenry • “Star Spangled Banner” (1814) • Francis Scott Key • Battle of New Orleans (Jan 1815) • “Hero of New Orleans”

  34. War of 1812: Results • Opposition to War • Hartford Convention (Dec 1814) • Treaty of Ghent (Dec 24, 1814)

  35. Results of the War of 1812 • Draw militarily • Small War and insignificant in military terms. • Important consequences for the U.S.: • Winners: War Hawks (favoring western expansion, national improvements, trade); Republicans, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison • Losers: Indians, Federalists • New Spirit of nationalism (Era of Good Feelings) • Paranoia about Britain died away(“Second War for Independence”) • Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) • End of involvement in Europe for next 100 years. • America looks inward

  36. Jefferson in 1821

  37. Auction of Monticello, 1827

  38. Monticello, ca. 1870 East Front of Monticello, ca. 1870 (University of Virginia)

  39. Monticello today

  40. Monticello today

  41. Monticello Today

  42. Sources • http://www.monticello.org/ • http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/archive/idx_map.html • http://www.lewisandclark.org/lib.htm • http://www.jmu.edu/madison/louispurchase.htm • Brinkley, American History: A Survey (10th ed)

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