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Growth Indicators for Infants and Toddlers

Growth Indicators for Infants and Toddlers. Charles R. Greenwood, Ph.D. Juniper Gardens Children’s Project University of Kansas DEC, Boston, December, 2001. Rationale. Assessment that early interventionists can use: To identify early To monitor growth and progress

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Growth Indicators for Infants and Toddlers

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  1. Growth Indicators for Infants and Toddlers Charles R. Greenwood, Ph.D. Juniper Gardens Children’s Project University of Kansas DEC, Boston, December, 2001

  2. Rationale • Assessment that early interventionists can use: • To identify early • To monitor growth and progress • To make intervention decisions

  3. Unique Features • Appropriate for infants/toddlers • Economical to employ • Efficient to learn to use • Repeatable • Directly represents rate of growth • Sensitive to age and interventions

  4. Completed or Nearly Completed • Expressive Communication • Luze et al., School Psychology Review, 2001, 30(3), 383-406. • Greenwood et al., Best Practices in School Psychology (Vol. IV), in press, NASP • Social Interaction • In preparation

  5. Infant/Toddler Expressive Communication General Outcome: The child uses gestures, sounds, words, or sentences to convey wants and needs or to express meaning to others. Constructs: Prelinguistic Linguistic Communication Communication Key Skill: Single Multiple Elements: Gestures Vocalizations Words Words Time to Bench Mark: 0-------6-------12-------18-------24-------30-------36 Months of Age

  6. Infant/Toddler GOM Summary • Expressive Communication • Social Interaction • Movement • Problem Solving • Self Help

  7. Today’s Topics • Movement (Gross Motor) • Problem Solving (Cognitive)

  8. Infant/Toddler Movement General Outcome: The child moves in a fluent and coordinated manner to play and participate in home, school, and community settings. Constructs: Transitional Object Movements Locomotion Control Key Skill: Change in Roll/ Trap/ Elements: Position Grounded Vertical Throw Catch Time to Bench Mark: 0-------6-------12-------18-------24-------30-------36------ Months of Age

  9. Movement Sample • 39 Children: • Gender • 17 (43.6%) male • 22 (56.4%) female • Race • 33 African American (84.6%) • 2 Hispanic/Latino (5.1%) • 2 mixed races (5.1%) • 2 European-American (5.1%) • Disability • 5 with IFSP’s • 2 Child care centers serving teen moms

  10. Study Design • Nine repeated GOM measurements • (each 3 weeks apart) • Criterion Tests (Beginning & Ending) • Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2 • Caregiver Movement Report (Researcher Developed) • GOM growth curve modeling (Bryk & Raudenbusch, 1992)

  11. GOM Movement Assessment Protocol • Common Toy Set: Testing Play-Like But Standarized Situations • Assessor's Behavior • Observational Recording Form

  12. Sensitivity to Growth Key Skill Elements

  13. Sensitivity to Growth Total Movement Rate = (Change in Position + Grounded + Vertical Locomotion + Roll & Throw + Trap & Catch)/Time Observed) • Growth by Age Cohort • 0-12, intercept = 5.26, slope = 0.65 • 13-24, intercept = 9.95, slope = 0.35 • 25-36+, intercept = 14.65, slope = 0.05

  14. Rate of Growth Across 9 Measurement Occasions for Three Age Cohorts (Each Occasion = 3 Weeks)

  15. 25.0 20.0 15.0 Total Movement Rate 10.0 Curve 5.0 0.0 4.00 6.00 8.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 40.00 42.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 36.00 38.00 -5.0 Age at Measurement Total Movement Rate Growth Curve Over Age at Measurement

  16. Individual Children’s Growth Trajectories

  17. Children with IFSP’s Child with hydrocephaly

  18. Technical Features • GOM Odd/Even Reliability Correlations • r = 0.88 • M = 8.8 odd vs. M = 8.2 even movements/minute • GOM Alternate Toy Forms Reliability • r = 0.85 (BB versus WH) • r = 0.84 (WH versus SC) • r = 0.91 (BB versus SC) • Note: BB=Blocks & balls, WH = Window house, SC = Shopping carat

  19. Technical Features (Contin.) • GOM Criterion Validity Correlations • Total Movement Rate vs. • Peabody Locomotion Sub-Scale • r (Mean Level [intercept]) = 0.903 • r (Mean Slope [growth rate]) = -0.289 • Parent/Caregiver Report Total Score • r (Mean Level [intercept]) = 0.851 • r (Mean Slope [growth rate]) = -0.177

  20. Summary/Implications • Infant/Toddler Movement GOM • Considerable Progress • Reliable • Valid • Sensitive to Age • Limitations/Future Research • Single, small sample • 25-36+ age children at benchmark • Treatment validity yet to be investigated

  21. Infant/Toddler Problem Solving (Cognitive) General Outcome: Child solves problems that require reasoning about objects, concepts, situations, and people. Construct: Visual Object Problem Exploration Exploration Solving Key Skill Looking Touch/Mouth/Manip. Toy Performs Persistence/ Elements: Its Function Sustained/ Attention Time to Bench Mark: 0-------6--------12--------18--------24--------30--------36 Months of Age

  22. Standard Toy Set Shopping Cart Window House Blocks/Balls

  23. Assessor's Behavior • Clean Room/Set up toys-situation • Engage child in active play/movement

  24. Recording Form

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