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Studying The Brain

Studying The Brain. Lesson 6-2. Objectives. Identify the structure and functions of the human brain Discuss the different ways psychologists study the brain. Introduction. Early Greeks thought the heart was the source of feelings and thought

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Studying The Brain

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  1. Studying The Brain Lesson 6-2

  2. Objectives • Identify the structure and functions of the human brain • Discuss the different ways psychologists study the brain

  3. Introduction • Early Greeks thought the heart was the source of feelings and thought • Hippocrates observed the effects of head injuries on people’s thoughts.

  4. The Three Brains • Hindbrain • at base of the skull • controls most life processes (eating, sleep, appetite, thirst, mating) • includes cerebellum, medulla and pons Brain

  5. Hindbrain • cerebellum- controls posture and balance • medulla- controls breathing • pons- bridges messages between brain and spinal cord Brain

  6. Midbrain • Integrates sensory information and relays it Brain

  7. Forebrain • Includes thalamus- integrates sensory information, except smell • hypothalamus- controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior Brain

  8. Forebrain • Allows for higher level thinking • Outer layer is called cerebral cortex • Inner layer is the cerebrum Brain

  9. Activity • Color the brain according to hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain • Label structure and function: • thalamus - cerebellum • pituitary gland -cerebral cortex • pons -spinal cord • medulla

  10. H I N D M I D F O R E

  11. Lobes of the Brain • Cerebrum is two sides • Corpus Callosum is a band of fibers that connects the two sides • Deep grooves that forms lobes

  12. Lobes of the Brain • Occipital Lobe- processes visual info • Parietal Lobes- Sensory information • Temporal Lobe- hearing, memory, emotion, speaking • Frontal Lobe- organization, planning, creative thinking, and personality

  13. Psychosurgery • A prefrontal lobotomy has been preformed many times to alter psychopathic behavior • are very controversial when preformed on prisoners • informed consent • role of prisons

  14. Brain and Criminal Behavior • Recent studies show that men convicted of violent crimes are more likely to have abnormalities of their frontal lobe and their right hemisphere.

  15. Activity • Color and label the lobes of the brain

  16. Left and Right Hemispheres • Are almost mirror images • Left brain controls the right side of the body • controls speech for most people • controls mathematical ability and logic

  17. Left and Right Hemispheres • Right hemisphere controls left side of the body • visual and spatial ability • puzzles • recognizing patterns • music and art • creativity and intuition

  18. Split Brain Operations • Corpus Callosum- lets right brain know what left brain is doing • right brain- sees the sunset • left brain- describes the sunset

  19. Split-Brain Operations • In Epileptics, split the corpus callosum to decrease number of seizures • seizure is massive uncontrolled electrical activity that begins in either hemisphere and spreads to the other

  20. Split-Brain Operations • Roger Sperry did experiments on people with split brain operations • Nobel Peace prize in 1981 • Holds ball in right hand can say it is a ball, but put in left hand, can’t say it is a ball. • Showed each half had specialized functions

  21. Activity • Right brain or left brain??

  22. How Psychologists Study the Brain • Physiological Psychologists or Psychobiologists study the role of the brain in behavior

  23. Recording • Electrodes- can be inserted into the brain to record electrical activity • electroencephalograph- EEG records electrical activity from whole areas of the brain • See p. 167

  24. Stimulation • Electrodes can be used to set off the firing of neurons • Stimulate brains of patients during surgery to find out what function they perform • have been used to relieve pain of terminally ill cancer patients • experimented with use to control violent emotional behavior

  25. Lesions • Cut or destroy a small portion of an animals brain • They then monitor the animal for changes in behavior • Assume those changes are controlled by that part of the brain • Rhesus monkey study • no longer fearful and aggressive

  26. Accidents • 1848- Phineas Gage • RR foreman • showed good judgement, restraint, worked well with others • tamping iron enters Gage’s head right below left eye (13 pounds, 3 feet long) • survived, but personality changed greatly

  27. Accidents • Dr. Paul Broca discovered the connection between left brain and speech • area now called Broca’s area

  28. Images • Computer Axial Tomography (CAT) • xrays pass around and through a person’s head • radiation absorbed based on density of brain tissue • transforms into a 3 dimensional picture

  29. Images • Positron Emission Topography (PET) • captures a picture as different parts are being used • Uses a radioactive solution into the blood and then measures the amount absorbed by blood cells.

  30. Images • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • study both structures and activity • pass radio frequencies through the brain • used to identify tumors or brain damage

  31. Closure • Web activity from prentice hall site • Read articles on brain injury on prentice hall site and report to class. Each student reads a different one. • Web activity- Probe the brain • Research a brain disorder

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