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Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud. 1. The Psychoanalytic Theory. Greg & Alexa. Early Life. Born May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia Father was a wool merchant Mother was twenty years younger than his father and was his second wife Sigmund was their first child together.

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Sigmund Freud

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  1. Sigmund Freud 1 The Psychoanalytic Theory Greg & Alexa

  2. Early Life • Born May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia • Father was a wool merchant • Mother was twenty years younger than his father and was his second wife • Sigmund was their first child together. • When he was four or five, the family moved to Vienna. • Family lived in poverty, but did all they could to provide the best education for Sigmund and his siblings 2

  3. Education & Early Work • Extremely smart child, and always the top of his class at the Leopoldstädter Kommunal-Realgymnasium • Attended medical school at the University of Vienna, graduated 1881 w/neuropsychological degree and MD • Heavily involved in research under physiology professor, Ernst Brücke • Spent his time studying and researching neurophysiology and psychiatry • With the help of Joseph Breuer, Freud opened a practice in neurology in Vienna. 3

  4. Psychoanalytic Theory • The IcebergMetaphor most recognizably describes Freud’s psychoanalytic theory • Conscious: what you are aware of at any certain time • Preconscious: anything that is easily made conscious, but not currently thinking about • Unconscious: all things that are not easily available to retrieve; desires and instincts, or traumatic emotions 4

  5. Psychoanalytic Theory • Id: devil; pleasure seeking. • Pleasure Principle: demands to immediately take care of needs. • Ego: mediator between id and super ego. • Super Ego: angel; feelings of guilt. • Not completely developed until age seven. • Conscious: internalization of punishment and warnings. • Ego ideal: derives from rewards and positive role models. 5

  6. Stages of Sex Drive • Freud stated that the sex drive is not only motivation for adults, but also for children and infants • Freud stated that we experience pleasure from different parts of our body at different stages of growth, known as erogenous zones • Oral Stage: birth-18 months. Focus of pleasure is the mouth. The child sucks and bites during this time. • Anal Stage: 18 months- 3 or 4 years. The focus of pleasure is the anus. 6

  7. Stages of Sex Drive • Phallic Stage: 3 or 4 years-6 or 7 years. The focus of pleasure is the genitals • Latent Stage: 5 or 6 or 7 years – puberty. Sexual impulse is suppressed for the sake of learning • Genital Stage: begins at puberty. A resurgence of sex drive takes place. 7

  8. Oedipal Complex • The first object of love is our mothers. • We want all of her attention and affection. • The young boy has a rivalry with his father for the mothers time and love. Dad becomes the enemy. • Castration Anxiety: boys have a fear of losing their penis • Penis Envy: Young girls notice the difference between girls and boys and feels she does not measure up. During this time the girl has sexual desires for her father. 8

  9. Character Types • Freud stated that the events that happen during the psychosexual development phases help determine a person’s character type. • Fixation: problems during each stage of development greatly effect our long term personality. • Oral-passive: Caused by need to be close to your mother. Problems during this time could result in future problems with eating, drinking, and smoking. • Oral-aggressive: Caused by teething. Problems could cause future desires to bite things, like pencils or gum. They are verbally aggressive and sarcastic. • Anal-aggressive: When parents are lenient with the child when toilet training, they will, in the future be, sloppy, disorganized, and generous to fault. • Anal-passive: When parents are controlling during toilet training, the child will grow up to be clean, perfectionistic and stubborn. 9

  10. 2 Phallic Personality Types • Boys • When a boy is harshly rejected by his mother and threatened by his father he is likely to grow up with poor self worth. He might withdraw from interaction with girls or put on a ‘macho’ act. • If the boy is not rejected but favored over his weak father he may develop the tendency to be a “momma’s boy”, and appear to be effeminate. • Girls • A girl rejected by her father and threatened by her mother may become a wall flower and extremely feminine. • If the girl is loved by her father other her mother, the girl will become masculine, vain, and self-centered. 10

  11. Treatments • Freud embraced many types of therapy. Some of his most important: • Relaxed Atmosphere: Therapy can give patients a place where they feel free to express themselves. • Free Association: The clients can talk about anything they want. This is another way to make the patient feel relaxed. • Dream Analysis: When sleeping the patient is more susceptible to unconscious thoughts, which the therapist can interpret and find meanings. • Parapraxes: A “Freudian Slip”, or slip of the tongue, which Freud thought were clues to unconscious conflicts. 11

  12. Critical Response • Some have stated the Freud’s theories are sexist--only recognizing the male perspective • There isn’t any empirical evident behind the theories, it’s rather heuristic. • The Oedipal Complex was used in an experiment with ‘Little Hans’, but the boy might have been told what to respond to the attraction to his mother, and it could not connect his fear of horses to his father. • Freud’s oral, anal, and genital phases can be observed, but not as stages that greatly influence an adult’s future experiences. 12

  13. Our Evaluation... • We agree with the critics on some aspects but not fully on others. We agree that there really is no true evidence to support his theories other than what can be observed individually. We also agree that children go through different developmental stages throughout their lives that could resemble Freud’s. We agree that a person’s development early in life can greatly influence their future development. The only thing we are skeptical about is that the theories are not really proven and there is no substantial evidence. Right now, it seems to be a very self-experimented perspective on human psychosexual development. 13

  14. References • Boeree, Dr. George. "Sigmund Freud." My Webspace Files. 2009. Web. 23 Jan. 2011. <http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html>. • "Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital." Wilderdom. 28 July 2004. Web. 23 Jan. 2011. <http://wilderdom.com/personality/L8-5FreudPsychosexualStagesDevelopment.html>. • "Psychosexual Development: Criticism of Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development." Psychotherapy Resources. 31 May 2008. Web. 23 Jan. 2011. <http://www.psychotherapy.ro/resources/constructs/psychosexual-development-criticism-of-freuds-theory-of-psychosexual-development/>. • "Sigmund Freud." Angelfire. Web. 23 Jan. 2011. <http://www.angelfire.com/psy/ashishtrehan42/>. • Vaknin, Sam. "Psychosexual Stages of Personal Development." Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. 2010. Web. 23 Jan. 2011. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/psychosexual-stages-personal-development.html>. 14

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