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The Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War. 1936-1939. Background. 1921 --> Spain in crisis. Coup d'etat by Primo de Rivera: sets up a dictatorship to reestablish the economy in Spain. When economic crisis hits Spain in 1930 --> Primo resigns as leader: republic proclaimed.

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The Spanish Civil War

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  1. The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939

  2. Background • 1921 --> Spain in crisis. • Coup d'etat by Primo de Rivera: sets up a dictatorship to reestablish the economy in Spain. • When economic crisis hits Spain in 1930 --> Primo resigns as leader: republic proclaimed. • Only delayed inevitable slaughter due to underlying tensions in Spain.

  3. Map of Spain: Spanish Civil War October 1936

  4. Underlying Tensions: Causes of the Civil War in 1936 • Catalonia & Basque provinces wanted independance. • Army had too much power over politics of country. • Lots of strikes and revolts (January 33' Barcelona: Anarchist movement). • Conflicts between Left wingers (Republicans) and Right wingers (Nationalists): Popular Front vs. Popular Action. • Popular front won the elections in February 1936.

  5. Civil War Begins: 17th July 1936 • At first the rebellion's goal was simply to overthrow the government: it was the eviction of the Popular Front of power. • Rebellion developed into civil war because government controlled the garrisons in Madrid and Barcelona area

  6. Main events 1936 - 1939 • 17 July 1936: War starts. Rebellion lead by: General Franco. • 18 Nov. 1936: Germany and Italy recognize Franco's Governement. • 26 April 1937: Guernica • 28 Nov 1937: Franco blockades Spanish Coast. • 1938: War takes a turn for the Nationalists (Franco). • 27 Feb 1939: Britain and France recognize Franco's government. • 28 Feb - 28 March 1939: Fall of Republican regime.

  7. Guernica, Picasso: May- June 1937

  8. Guernica • Small town in Basque country (Northern Spain) • Suffered massive aerial bombardement ('terror bombing') by the German Luftwaffe, who were aiding the Francists • Records regarding how many were killed are sketchy... (round it up to about 1000 people died) • Very violent: not much was left after the attack. Picasso encapsulated the idea of the population's suffering in his painting.

  9. German involvement in the War. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuhQfEGivtY

  10. Youtube link to an insight into the Spanish Civil War. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSfnOKXDn_0

  11. Hugh Thomas: A writer on the subject (1961 book was written) • Hugh Thomas: Historian • Best seller: Wrote about the Spanish Civil War and its horrors, how the civilians lived through it. • Shows Hitler's and Franco's complicity. (http://books.google.fr/books/about/The_Spanish_Civil_War.html?id=UoNpAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y)

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